1. RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING SYSTEMS (WASTEWATER)
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING SYSTEMS (WASTEWATER)
The Romans are well known for their public water supply and waste water systems. However, except for the wealthy, most access points to the systems were located outside of buildings.
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
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2. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
The Romans
In Ancient Rome, wastewater systems included chamber pots in residences and public latrines that flowed through central channel into main sewage system into nearby rivers and streams Toilets were in the form of a hole in the floor drained to cesspool below.
Waste from chamber pots was often dumped out of a window
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3. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
SEWER TYPES
Sewage – Any liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter, including liquids containing chemicals
Sanitary Sewer – A sewer pipe that carries only sewage
Storm Sewer – A sewer pipe that carries storm water or other drainage (but not sewage)
Storm sewer normally transports rain water from the roof through drains or a gutter and downspout system.
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4. Drain-Waste-Vent System
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
Drain-Waste-Vent System
Vent Pipe – A vertical pipe that provides circulation of air to and from the drainage system
Drain Pipe – A pipe that carries wastewater in a building
Stack – A vertical pipe (waste or vent) that extends through at least one story
Trap – A fitting (usually U-shaped) that provides a seal to prevent the flow of sewer gases
Cleanout – An access opening to allow cleanout of the pipe
Network of pipes that transport wastewater and sewer gases from the building
The drain-waste-vent system is designed to safely convey the waste and waste water from the building while allowing noxious gases created from sewage to escape to the exterior of the building.
In the diagram the drain piping is shown in green and the vent piping is shown in orange
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5. Drain-Waste-Vent System
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
Drain-Waste-Vent System
Building Sewer or Sewer Lateral
Part of the drainage system from the building to the public, private, or individual sewer disposal system
Sewer Main
A sewer pipe installed and maintained by a public entity and on public property
A sanitary sewer is distinguished from a storm sewer by the type of water that it carries. If sewage is conveyed, the sewer is a sanitary sewer. If the water conveys storm water, it is called a storm drain.
The part of a building’s drainage system that extends from the building to the disposal system is often called a sewer lateral. The wastewater disposal system can be a municipal system, a private system, or an individual system.
LATERAL
MAIN
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6. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
DRAIN PIPES
Water follows the path of least resistance. Therefore, Drain Pipes are often sloped (a minimum of 2%). Vent pipes are necessary to help push sewage of the building.
Cleanout
Sewer Main
2% min. slope
Sewer Lateral
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Copyright 2010

7. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
SEPTIC SYSTEMS
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Copyright 2010

8. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.3 – Services and Utilities
SEPTIC SYSTEMS
The wastewater is discharged from the septic tank to the distribution box.
The distribution box disperses the liquid to the drainfield.
The drainfield is made up of perforated pipes on a bed of gravel which are buried underground.
The wastewater infiltrates the soil surrounding the drainfield.
The intent is that the soil filters (treats) the wastewater before it enters the groundwater or a nearby body of water.
Septic systems are typically used in Rural areas.
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