1. CONSEQUENCES OF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE AMERICAS
Dr. Afxendiou
Global History and Geography 9
Sachem North High School

2. Consequences of Encounter
Spread of Christianity
Roman Catholic church grows
The encomienda system
A system of forced labor imposed upon the Native Americans by the Spanish
The natives farmed, ranched or mined for the Spanish landlords
Often the natives were worked to death, especially in the mines

3. Consequences of Encounter
New Social Structure
The social pyramid

4. Consequences of Encounter
New Social Structure
The social pyramid
PENINSULARES

5. Consequences of Encounter
New Social Structure
The social pyramid
PENINSULARES
CREOLES

6. Consequences of Encounter
New Social Structure
The social pyramid
PENINSULARES
CREOLES
MESTIZOS AND MULATTOS

7. Consequences of Encounter
New Social Structure
The social pyramid
PENINSULARES
CREOLES
MESTIZOS AND MULATTOS
NATIVE AMERICANS AND AFRICAN SLAVES

8. THE
COLUMBIAN
EXCHANGE

9. CAUSES OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Long Term Causes
The Scientific Revolution
Europeans search for a sea route to Asia
Immediate Causes
Columbus and other Europeans arrive in the Americas
Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas
Europeans encounter new plants and animals in the Americas

10. EFFECTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Immediate Effects
Spanish defeat Aztec and Incan Empires
Millions of Native Americans die from “European” diseases
Enslaved Africans are sent to the Americas
American foods, including corn and potatoes, are introduced into Europe
Long Term Effects
Spread of items such as
horses, corn, potatoes,
and sugar around the world
Population growth in
Europe, Africa and Asia
Exchange of ideas,
technology, arts, and
language between Europe
and the Americas
Population migration from
Europe to the Americas
Growth of capitalism

11. The Triangular Trade

12. The Middle Passage - Slaves

13. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 1450-1850 18th century
12 million Africans sent across Atlantic
10-11 million survive
18th century
Height of trade
80 percent of total trade during this century
Primarily young men for hard labor
The continued high volume was necessary because of high slave mortality and low fertility

14. Slave Ship Interior
Middle Passage –slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience

15. “Coffin” Position: Onboard a Slave Ship

16. Mercantilism New economic policy by the nations of Europe
A country’s power depended on its wealth so every European country set out to get as much wealth as possible
Wealth increased with gold and silver
Wealth increased with trade where a country exported (sold) more than it imported (bought)
In this system, colonies were necessary