1. FRENCH HIGH GOTHIC

2. NOTRE –DAME- DE - PARIS, 1200 -1345 (LOOKING NORTH) HIGH GOTHIC -- FOUR LEVELS, TOP 2 = WINDOWS

3. NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS (ON ÎLE DE LA CITÉ), LOOKING EAST

4. NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS – EXTERIOR VIEW OF APSE – AND A ROOF GARGOYLE

5. FLYING BUTTRESS, NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS
TRACERY and pinnacles – ALSO TRUE GARGOYLES

6. Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early 14TH century.
“HUMANIZING” NATURALISM
Near s-curve

7. 6,250’ OF STAINED CLASS – MORE GLASS THAN WALLS
SAINT-CHAPELLE, Interior of the upper chapel, 1243–1248 (ALSO ON ÎLE DE LA CITÉ)
What style?
RAYONNANT
6,250’ OF STAINED CLASS – MORE GLASS THAN WALLS
Patron?
louis Ix (st. louis)
Saint-Chapelle was the private chapel of La Conciergerie, which was the Capetian kings' palace on the Île de la Cité. It was built to house Christ's crown of thorns, a piece of the true cross and other relics that Louis IX purchased or brought back from Crusades. In the 14th century La Conciergerie became a prison, and ironically, after the Revolution Marie Antoinette and many others were imprisoned there en route to the guillotine.

8. Another view of the upper chapel at saint-chapelle – with swarms of tourists
Note that the ribs over the altar are purely decorative, not structural

9. ROBERT DE LUZARCHES, THOMAS DE CORMONT, and RENAUD DE CORMONT, west facade of Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, begun 1220

10. East faÇade of Amiens Cathedral

11. interior of Amiens Cathedral (looking east)
HEIGHT, LIGHTNESS AND LIGHT!

12. vaults, clerestory, and triforium of the choir of Amiens Cathedral

13. Christ (Beau Dieu), trumeau statue of central doorway, west facade, Amiens Cathedral
A “KINDER, GENTLER” JESUS
AND HE’S REACHING OUT OF THE TRUMEAU

14. West faÇade of Reims Cathedral, Reims, France © 1225–1290.
WHAT’S NEW?
STAINED GLASS TYMPANAE
VERTICALITY
Note that every element of the façade is elongated ("stretched up"), emphasizing the cathedral's height.

15. REIMS CATHEDRAL, NAVE, LOOING EAST

16. ANNUNCIATION AND VISITATION, JAMB SCULPTURES OR CENTRAL DOOR, WEST PORTAL, REIMS
ALMOST CLASSICAL NATURALISM, CONTRAPPOSTO (AND “OUT OF THE BOX”)

17. FRENCH LATE GOTHIC

18. Many decorative (non-structural) elements
Pierre robin and ambrose haren, Saint-Maclou, western faÇade. Rouen, France
© 1500–1514.
FLAMBOYANT!
Many decorative (non-structural) elements
Saint-Maclou's profusion of ornamentation exemplifies the late Gothic Flamboyant style. The church is covered with a decorative "exoskeleton" that conceals the shape of the building. Note, for example, that the rose window of the Western façade is behind a purely decorative, pierced pointed gable, for example, and that of the five doors the two outer ones are false.

19. Secular french “gothic” architecture

20. Carcassone is in Languedoc, at the foot of the Pyrenees
Carcassone is in Languedoc, at the foot of the Pyrenees. It was originally fortified to safeguard against Muslim invasion from Spain, but the in high middle ages it was the center for the "Albigensian Crusade" (pogroms against Cathars).
Restored Aerial view of the fortified town of Carcassonne, France. Bastions and towers, 12th–13th Cs.

21. Expulsion of the cathars from carcassonne

22. Hall of the cloth guild, Bruges, Belgium, begun 1230
Secular competing with sacred!

23. House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France, 1443–1451
Merchants as rich as some nobles, increasing secular power!

24. English gothic architecture

25. Specific goals:
Understand the decorated and perpendicular variations of the Gothic style in England.
Examine the complex tombs of royalty and other art forms in Gothic England.

27. Aerial view of Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England, 1220–1258; west facade completed 1265; spire © 1320–1330.

28. Salisbury cathedral

29. West faÇade, salisbury cathedral
How different from french?
Short, wider than nave, fewer windows, reliefs, 5 levels, tower over crossing

30. Plan, salisbury cathedral
Long axis typically english (compare durham), double transepts romanesque, but gothic rectangular nave bays and square aisle bays

31. Nave, salisbury cathedral
Like french:
Tripartite elevation, quadripartite ribbed vaults
Different:
overall horizontal orientation, less unity (ribs spring from corbels, not the piers), no rose, no stained glass (originally), lancets but no oculi, less light

32. Perpendicular style – purely ornamental "vault ribs"
The floor-to-ceiling continuity of the English Perpendicular Style confers a unity akin to that of High Gothic French cathedrals. There are, however, distinctly English elements including the huge mullioned lancet window (rather than a rose window), the repetition of uniform bands of tracery, and the square apse.
The nave and choir are covered by barrel vaults. The Gothic-style ribs are purely ornamental, not structural, but they conceal the divisions between the bays and make the vaults appear to be one uniform surface, accentuating the unity of the interior below.
Choir of Gloucester Cathedral (looking east), Gloucester, England, 1332–1357
Perpendicular style – purely ornamental "vault ribs"

33. gloucester

34. Nave vaults, gloucester cathedral

35. Purely decorative. Compare to muqarnas ceilings in Islamic Spain.
Robert and william vertue, Fan vaults, chapel of henry vii, westminster abbey, london

36. Nave and apse, chapel of henry vii, westminster abbey

37. Example of the english royal tomb
Tomb of Edward II, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, England, © 1330–1335
Example of the english royal tomb
These tombs were in niches in English cathedrals and like this, typically had architectural superstructures beneath which stone effigies of dead kings and queens lay in state.

38. German gothic

39. Specific goals:
Understand the building of the Cologne Cathedral and its emphasis on height.
analyze the structure and origins of the German Hallenkirke and why it differs from the French-influenced Gothic.
analyze the emotional expression and drama of the German Gothic sculpture.
examine the complex altars, shrines, and reliquaries of the German Gothic.

41. Gehrhard of cologne, cologne catherdral, begun 1248, completed 1888, aerial view looking north

42. Cologne cathedral – the eastern end is 13th- c
Cologne cathedral – the eastern end is 13th- c. (but rest is supposely built to original plan). Nave, 422’ long. IT HAS DOUBLE AISLES (DIFFERENT FROM FRENCH AND ENGLISH)

43. CHOIR AND APSE, COLOGNE CATHEDRAL (150’ HIGH)
HAS LIGHTNESS AND UNITY OF FRENCH GOTHIC, BUT HEIGHT GIVES IT SOME PERPENDICULARITY

44. SAINT ELIZABETH, MARBURG, 1235- 1283, western faÇade
EXTERIOR CLOSER TO OTTONIAN/ ROMANESQUE THAN FRENCH GOTHIC (NO TRACERY, NO SCULPTURE
HALLENKIRCHE – Hall church – also romanesque

45. Saint elizabeth’s, marburg, eastern end (apse) – no radiating chapels, no buttresses (because walls are massive)

46. Interior of saint elizabeth's:
Hall church with gothic ribbed vaults and lancet windows

47. Strasbourg cathedral, western faÇade, strasbourg france (alsace), 1176 - 1240

48. Lower part of west portal, strasbourg cathedral

49. Flying buttresses, strasbourg cathedral

50. http://upload. wikimedia
Death of the virgin, tympanum of left doorway, south transept, strasbourg cathedral
Note composition, naturalism and emotion (and intertwining on archivolt)

51. Eckehard and Uta statues in the west choir, Naumburg Cathedral
Naumburg, Germany © painted limestone 6’ 2” high
Power and authority

52. Equestrian portrait (Bamberg Rider), statue in the east choir, Bamberg Cathedral, Germany © 1235–1240. Sandstone, 7’ 9” high.
Mainly a curiosity