1. Biome Presentation
By Tiffany Franco

2. World Map
In 3 Main Regions- Central and South America, in West and Central Africa, and Southeast Asia.

3. Abiotic Factors vs Biotic factors
Sunlight
Soil
Temperature
Precipitation
Climate
Trees
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Fungi

4. Climate Graph

5. Climate Humid due to rainfall Very Hot and wet
Climate is found near the Equator
Amount of rainfall 250 cm per year.
Average Temperature is 77 degrees Fahrenheit.

6. Habitat Tropical Rainforests are diverse.
Contains tropical climate near the Equator
Rain forests make up 6% of earths land surface.
Contains 4 Levels
Emergent Layer
Canopy Layer
Understory Layer
Forest Floor

7. The 4 Layers Emergent Layer
Giant trees with huge mushroom shaped crowns. These trees get the largest amount of sunlight, but they endure high temperatures, strong winds, and low humidity.
Canopy Layer
The trees have branches that are covered with other plants and tie together with vines.
Home to 90% of the organisms found in the rainforest.
Understory Layer
The understory only receives 2-15% of the sunlight that comes down from the canopy.
Contains trees and plants that are low light tolerant.
Forest Floor
Less light than the Understory layer.
Thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and branches that decomposes quickly.

8. Net Primary Productivity
Since Tropical forest are in the tropics, high temperatures are available.
The dense concentration of the green plants in each layer (from the lower stories to the Canopy) The NPP of tropical rainforests are very high levels.
The trees in both the canopy and Emergent levels have tall trees. This means that they are light and heat tolerant.
The trees in the understory or lower canopy have to live in partial shade, at higher humidity and lower temperatures than canopy.

9. Primary Succession Secondary succession Succession
Farmers cut down tree to grow crops, after a few years the soil becomes infertile.
Once the farmer moves away secondary succession begins.
Fertilizing the soil and growing small plants and trees again until the forest, after hundreds of years, has grown back.
The environment must start over.
Flooding from rain
Deforestations

10. Flow of store of Nutrients

11. Food Web

12. Trophic Level

13. Food Chain

14. Energy Pyramid

15. Biomass Pyramid

16. pyramid OF NUMBERS

17. Plants, adaptations, Niche
Coconut Tree
Bengal Bamboo
Adaptation: The ability to grow quickly.
Thrives in environments that contain a large amount or moisture and rainfall.
It’s possible for them to reach 80 ft in just three months.
Adaptation: Fast growth
Their fast growth helps them to receive the most sunlight as possible.
Jambu
Adaptation:
Leathery Leaves
Warm climate

18. Plants, adaptations, Niche
Curare Plant
Kapok Tree
Adaptations: Adapt to grow in the canopy layer.
Since the Canopy layer is the third layer, it can receive minimal sunlight.
The Curare adapted to receive the most sunlight as possible.
Adaptation: External Spikes
The external spikes make it difficult for the animal and other prey to harm the tree.
Niche: Allow animals to move around the rainforest without going to the ground.

19. animals, adaptations, NIche
Gorillas
Sumatran Rhinoceros
Adaptation: Opposable Thumbs
Gives them the ability to grasp things in one hand.
Niche: Build nest on the ground or in trees.
Adaptation: Flexible Upper Lip.
Their flexible upper lip allows the Rhinos to lift items from the ground or to grab food from plants.
Niche: Crash through forests and make paths for other animals.

20. animals, adaptations, NIche
Bengal Tigers
Three Toed Sloths
Adaptation: Dark fur coat and black stripes
Bengal tigers have a darker coat than other tigers. The darker fur lets the tiger camouflage with the trees.
The dark coat and stripes blend with the shade of the trees, which allows them to blend in with the forest floor.
Niche: They can keep other predator species from becoming too abundant, and same situation with prey species from overpopulating.
Adaptation: Adapted to live in the Canopy layer of the Rainforest.
Their fur hangs upside down, running from their stomachs to their backs. (They hang upside down)
The orientation of their fur helps the rain water flow away from their body.
Niche: Removing twigs from branches, allowing branched to grow.

21. animals, adaptations, NIche
Poison Dart Frog
Toucans
Adaptation: Developed a large, long beak.
Allows birds to pick fruits on branches that are too small to support the bird’s weight.
Also used to cut the fruit from the tree.
Niche: They keep the population of insects and small lizards under control.
To consume various fruits and deposit the seeds in their waste, therefore the seeds are spread and the fruit can repopulate.
Adaptation: Poison and vibrant skin colors.
The poisons vibrant skin color warns predators of their toxicity
Niche: Brightly colored skin that warns predators of their poisonous toxin.

22. animals, adaptations, NIche
Piranhas
Pythons
Adaptation: Hunt and live in schools
Hunting in schools means that piranhas broaden their diet.
Hunting in schools allows the pack to a much stronger attcking force than once a single piranha.
Niche: Devour the dead animals in the water.
Adaptation: Ability to unhinge its jaw.
In order for the python to east large prey, Pythons are able to unhinge its jaws and consume completely whole.
The Pythons skin stretches so it can consume the whole prey.
Niche: Kill their prey by squeezing them.

23. animals, adaptations, NIche
Fruit Bat
Jaguar
Adaptations: Powerful eyesight
Fruit bats rely on their eyesight and a well developed a sense of smell to search for fruit.
Other bats use echolocation to find their food at night.
Niche: They fly at night to search for food.
Adaptations: Spotted fur
The forest floor layer barely gets any sunlight, it comes In small patches of light. The Jaguars spotted fur blends in with the patches of sunlight.
Niche: Top predators , They keep prey populations in control.

24. Human Activity Positive VS Negative
Discovery of different types of medicines prescription medication came from different plants in the tropical rainforest.
The tropical rainforest’s diverse climate has allowed for an extremely diverse biome, the diversity has allowed for it to be called “Nature’s medicine cabinet.
Deforestation- Human development has resulted to the depletion of habitats for many of the earth’s species.
Loss in Biodiversity

25. Case study good vs Bad Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity Loss
Tropical Rainforest Case study
Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity Loss
The rainforest is used in many ways for example, obtain food by hunting and fishing.
Medicine, clothing, materials for houses, and fuel.
Logging, Mining, Cattle Ranching, and Rubber tapping. Provide Positive benefits of exploitation.
With the Rainforest being cleared at an alarming rate, the question has risen about the fate of biological diversity of our planet.
Human activities such as the massive reduction of forest area, and fragmentation of the habitat into small remnant patches.
It seems very likely that tropical rain forest fragmentation will lead to local and ultimately global extinction of species.
A small number of extinctions have been documented, and there remains a need to clarify the influences of fragmentation on tropical rain forest biodiversity.

26. Case study Compare Contrast
The case studies both talk about the impacts of humans on the Tropical rainforests.
The first case studies talks about the Positive human exploitation of Tropical Rainforests, where as the second case study talks about the negative human impacts.
The second case talks about on the loss of the tropical rainforest where as the first case gives examples of conserving and exploiting the tropical rainforest.

27. Tropical Rainforest Biome
The end
Tropical Rainforest Biome