1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE,BHARUCH-014

2. YEAR : SECOND YEAR. BE(2014-15)
SEM : 3RD
DEPARTMENT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
GROUP NO : 7.
GROUP LEADER: PATEL VISHALKUMAR R.( ).
GROUP EN.NO : TO
SUBJECT: : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND UNIT PROCESSES.
SUBMITTED TO : KETAN GANDHI.

3. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Made Directly from Acids

4. carboxylics Acid Oxidation of primary alcohols:-
primary alcohols undergo oxidation with a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid to form carboxylic acids. the alcohol is first oxidized to an aldehyde and then to a carboxylic acid.

6. Acid Chloride
Acid chlorides are prepared by reacting thionyl chloride (SOCl2) with a carboxylic acid. 6

7. properties Properties:-
Acetyl chloride is a colorless liquid, bp 52*c. it has a very punget smell and fumes strongly in moist air. it is soluble in ether, acetone and acetic acid
Uses:-the chief use of acetyl chloride is an acetylating agent in the preparation of serveral derivatives, dyestuffs,and pharmaceticals .it is also used to determine the numbers of OH groups in organic molecules.

8. Acid Anhydrides
By distilling a mixture of anhydrous sodium acetate & acetyl chloride. 8

9. properties Properties:
Acetic anhydride is a colorless liquid,139.9*c,sp gr It has a pungent sharp odor. it is sparingly soluble in cold water but miscible with alcohol ,ether and acetic acid. It gives reaction parallel to those of acetyl chloride, although vigorously .these have been discussed under the general treatment.
Use:
Acetic anhydride is usually a more satisfactory acetylating agent than acetyl chloride. as such it is used in the preparation of medicines and plastic.

10. Acetamide
By the action of ammonia on acid chlorides:. 10

11. By Hitting Ammonium Carboxylates

12. Properties Properties:
Acetamide forms small,colorless,needle-like crystals,mp 82*c,bp 223*c.It has mousy odor but this is due to impurity and can be removed by recrystallization from benzene.it is very soluble in water and alcohol,only slightly soluble in ether. Chemically it behaves as a typical amide and gives all the general reaction discussed before .

13. THANK YOU