1. Do Now Quiz 1. What are antigens and where are they found?
2. What are antibodies and where are they made?
3. Explain the relationship between antigens and antibodies.

2. AIM: How does our body becomes resistant to disease?
DN: immune cells questions- attached to notes from yesterday
HW: h/o interpreting graphics
Quiz tomorrow- scientific method

3. Bioterrorism
Today there is mounting concern about the threat of a bioterrorist attack using smallpox -- so much concern that in October 2001 the American government decided to order enough vaccines to protect every U.S. citizen. .
Fatal hemorrhagic smallpox in a twelve-year-old girl, 1970s, Bangladesh. A genetically - engineered strain of smallpox might produce unusual symptoms such as these. Here, the eyes are filled with blood, and blood blisters form in the mouth and inside the body. How can we protect ourselves?
Show 12 monkeys

4. What is a vaccine?
Antigen
Weakened
Pathogen
Antibody
a weakened or dead form of a pathogen so it is no longer harmful, but it still has the antigens present.
These antigens trigger an immune response.

5. How was the first Vaccine developed?
English physician Edward Jenner developed an inoculation against smallpox in 1796.
Armed with the knowledge that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox, a relatively mild affliction, didn't come down with smallpox, Jenner intentionally infected an eight-year-old boy with cowpox. Two months later he infected the boy again, this time with smallpox. As Jenner expected, the child didn't come down with the disease -- he was immune.

6. Vaccines depend on the “memory” of the immune system.
First response: slow and weak
Second Response (to same pathogen): Quicker and stronger
** After the first response, the immune system “remembers” specific pathogens by leaving behind WBCs that protect the body for years (memory cells).

7. How do scientists make vaccines?
Obtain pathogen
Weaken/kill pathogen
Inject altered pathogen (vaccine) into organism.
Body responds to antigens by making antibodies & having WBCs attack invader.
5) Some WBCs specific for
this pathogen remain in the
body to protect the organism
from future attacks.

8. What happens when you get invaded by the real pathogen?
Memory cells (WBC specific for that pathogen) are already present and will multiply quickly and destroy the invader before it has the chance to cause the disease.
Memory
Cells

9. What is immunity?
The ability of a person who once had a disease to be protected from getting the same disease again.

10. Immune response Vaccine Real Pathogen Real Pathogen First exposure
Second exposure
Interval between exposures
Real Pathogen
Interval between exposures
Vaccine
Antibody Concentration
First exposure
Second exposure
Time

11. Vaccines

12. Active vs. Passive immunity
You get antibodies from a different organism- your body doesn’t make the antibodies
Short lasting
Ex: injection of antibodies, mother to child
Active Immunity
Your body makes antibodies to fight pathogen
Long lasting
Ex: vaccine, getting sick with the pathogen

13. How are these two types of immunity different?