1. Evidence for Natural Selection

2. Patterns There are 4 main patterns for natural selection
Two are directly tied to speciation rate
Gradualism—happens slowly (millions to billions of years)
Punctuated equilibrium—happens fast with long periods of stability
The other two are mostly used for comparing why organisms are the way they are.
Divergent evolution—differentiation from a single species
A specific type of divergent evolution would be adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution—developing something similar because of a need and not a common ancestor.

3. 6 types of accepted evidence for evolution.
Structural adaptation
This is going to be an actual change in physical appearance
Usually happens slow (gradualism)
Ex: mimicry and camouflage
Physiological adaptations
This is going to be a change in physiology (how the body works)
Usually happens relatively quickly
Ex: bacteria resistant to antibiotics

4. Fossils
Provide a record of early life and evolutionary history
The record while helpful is incomplete
Anatomy
Anatomy is the structure and function of physical parts
Homologous structure
Structure with common evolutionary origin, similar in arrangement, function, or both
Analogous structures
Structures that serve the same purpose but do not share an evolutionary origin.
Vestigial structures
A structure that in present day no longer serves a purpose but is there because it was useful to an ancestor.

5. Embryology Biochemistry
Embryo is the earliest stage of growth and development of an organism
When comparing how all organisms look in the beginning of an embryo to the end the similarities cause scientists to believe that all organisms are related.
Biochemistry
All the tiny parts that make up life such as DNA, ATP, RNA, enzymes, proteins, etc.
Because all life has this and they are all roughly the same shape and type scientists think it is strong evidence for all living organism to be related in some way.