1. TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

2. Four most common types of nosomocial infections are:
UTI
SSI
Nosocomial Pneumonia
Nosocomial Bacteremia

3. Urinary Tract Infection
80% associated with the use of indwelling catheters
Associated with less morbidity
Gram-negative enterics, 50%
Fungi, 25%
Enterococci, 10%

4. Surgical Site Infection
Are also frequent – 15%
Presence of purulent discharge around the wound or the insertion site of a drain or –
Presence of cellulites which is emanating from the wound
Patients acquire infection either endogenously or exogenously
Contamination varies with the length of the procedure and the health condition of the patient
Staphylococcus aureus, 20%
Pseudomonads, 16%

5. Nosocomial Pneumonia
About 3% of patients on ventilators acquire pneumonia
The source is often endogenous but may also be exogenous with transfer of an organism from the respiratory equipment

6. Pulmonary aspergillosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Viral pneumonias
Risk Factors
Pathogens infecting the Respiratory tract
mechanical ventilation (high risk),
elderly,
neonates,
severe underlying disease,
immunodeficiency,
depressed sensorium,
cardiopulmonary disease,
recent thoraco-abdominal surgery
Bacterial pneumonia
Legionnaires' disease
Pulmonary aspergillosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Viral pneumonias
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV)
- influenza

7. Nosocomial Bacteremia
About 5% of nosocomial infections
may occur at the entry site of the intravascular device
sources of infection-causing microorganism for these infections are endogenous
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, 40%
Enterococci, 11.2%
Fungi, 9.65%
Staphylococcus aureus, 9.3%
Enterobacter species, 6.2%
Pseudomonads, 4.9%