1. Immune system

2. Do now :
Homeostasis
failure of Homeostasis

3. Immunity- the bodies ability to fight off disease

4. Immunity Disease is the failure of Homeostasis - Causes of disease
Pathogens –disease causing agent.
a . Virus -needs a host to survive. Does not have all the organelles to survive on its own.
b. Bacteria
c . Fungus S1

6. - Causes of disease
2. Inheritance 3. Toxic substances- chemicals 4. Poor diet 5. Organ malfunction 6. Personal behavior 7. Radiation

7. Antigen- any substance capable of stimulating an immune response
ex: pathogen
Antibody- proteins in the blood that attack
antigens or pathogens
Antibodies are produced by White Blood Cells (WBC)
Antibiotic- A Drug (medicine) to treat bacterial infections-1st discovered in 1928-Penicillin

8. Defense System - mucus membranes, nose hairs -stomach acid (HCL)
1st line of defense – Physical barriers that prevent invaders from entering the body tissues
Examples: - skin
- mucus membranes, nose hairs
-stomach acid (HCL)
-tears, ear wax
2nd line of defense – non-specific (general)
White Blood cells engulf bacteria
Increased heart rate- so white blood cells can get to infection more quickly
Inflammation-redness, fever, swelling, puss

9. Barriers

10. Inflammation

11. white blood cells that eat

12. 3rd line of defense
Antibodies and lymphocytes (T-cells, B-Cells) are produced to fight the infection. B and T cells are produced in the Thymus, Spleen, Tonsils, Bone Marrow and Lymph nodes.
Immune reactions occur between antibodies and antigens when the immune system defends itself against invading organisms.
Examples:
1. Organ transplant rejection
2. Chicken Pox
3. Colds S5

13. IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE
1. Macrophage (WBC) engulfs antigen and
displays antigen on surface.
2. Helper T-cell recognizes the
antigen receptors on the macrophage.
3. Helper T-cell stimulates B-cells to
make antibodies and gets killer T cells
ready.
4. Antibodies bind to antigen and
inactivate it

14. Types of Immunity
Active Immunity- the body makes its own antibodies to a particular antigen usually as a result of having the disease (chicken pox). This usually last a long time.
Vaccination- injection of a dead or weakened form of the disease causing microorganism. This can stimulate antibody production.
Passive Immunity-Temporary immunity to a disease produced by the injection of antibodies (produced by another person or animal) into the body.
Examples:
People exposed to hepatitis are given an injection containing antibodies
Mother passes immunity onto her baby. Lasts about 2 months. Breast fed babies get moms immunities as well. S6

15. Immune Disorders
Allergies – an abnormal immune response to a normal or beneficial substance.
examples: pollen, cat or dog hair, peanut butter, bee venom, dust, mold
Triggers production of Antibodies - chemicals that attack the antigen S7

16. A.I.D.S. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Caused by the H.I.V. virus – which infects the T2 lymphocytes.
AIDS weakens the immune system. Thus, the person with AIDS usually dies from an infection that the body cannot fight off anymore.

17. Protecting you
Antibiotics = medicine
advantage
kill bacteria that have successfully invaded you
make you well after being sick
disadvantage
use only after sick
only good against bacteria
possible development of resistance by bacteria (if don’t use correctly)
can get sick again