1. Managing Black Pecan Aphids and Stink Bugs Efficacy of Selected Products

2. Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials
Ted Cottrell
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory
Byron, GA
Bill Ree
Department of Entomology
Texas A&M University

3. Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan
Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs

4. Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan
Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs
Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion

5. Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan
Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs
Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion
Damage after shells harden results in ‘kernel spot’

6. Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan
Stink Bugs CAN feed through hardened pecan shells
Damage can occur through harvest

7. Insecticides Tested
All are labeled for pecan
All list stink bugs as a target pest
Brigade® WSB Insecticide/Miticide = bifenthrin (8.0 – 32.0 oz/A) stink bugs
Centric® 40WG = thiamethoxam (2.0 – 2.5 oz/A) Red Shoulder SB
Karate ® = lambda-cyhalothrin (2.56 – 5.12 oz/A) Stink bug species
Endigo® ZC = thiamethoxam + lambda cyhalothrin (3.0 – 5.5 oz/A) Stink bug species
Mustang Max EC = zeta cypermethrin (3.2 – 4.0 oz/A) Stink bugs
WarHawk/Govern = chlorpyrifos (16 to 64 oz/A) Southern Green Stink Bug

8. Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials
Brown stink bugs are harder to kill than ‘green’ stink bugs
Stink Bug Insecticide Trials:
Two locations: GA and TX
Nut clusters sprayed in the orchard
1, 4 and 7 days after treatment (DAT), nuts picked, taken to the lab and placed in cups
Stink bugs added to the cup and survival checked daily - 24, 48 and 72 hrs (GA); 24 and 48 hrs (TX)
Data presented as percentage of stink bugs rated as ‘Dead’ + ‘Moribund’

10. B

12. Brigade Rate Test Same test setup as before Rates tested:
GA: 8, 16, 20, 24, 32 oz/A
TX: 8, 20, 32 oz/A

16. Brigade test using sprayed nuts and foliage

17. Insecticide assay against Brown Stink Bug
June 2011
Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB’s placed on fruit in cups.
% Dead + Moribund
Trial Trial Trial 3
1 day after SB’s added to cup

18. Conclusions:
Compared with insecticidal control of the Green and Southern Green stink bugs, the Brown stink bug is difficult to control. Many of the products tested here provide sufficient control of the ‘green’ stink bugs.
Of the insecticides tested here, even the lowest rate of bifenthrin still provided better brown stink bug control.
A oz/A rate of Brigade WSB should provide good stink bug control for at least 7 days (and longer without rain).
Danitol should also provide good stink bug control (residual activity not known…….yet).

19. Efficacy of Selected Insecticides against the Black Pecan Aphid
Ted Cottrell
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory
Byron, GA

20. Factors that encourage BPA in orchards
Shading
Interior tree canopy
Crowded orchards
Cultivar
Low populations of ‘yellow’ aphids early in the season
Insecticides used

21. 2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test……details
Objective: Document changes in aphid populations while managing pecan weevil.
Location: Four pecan orchards at the USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Laboratory, Byron, GA.
Treatment Selection: Five treatment combinations (pecan aphid product + pecan weevil product).
Test Plots: Each orchard divided into 2.5 acre plots of mature pecan trees.
- allowed each treatment to be replicated four times.
Applications: volume = 100 gpa, speed = 2 mph
Aphid Sampling: Sampled from four trees in each plot taking 10 cmpd leaves/tree. Leaf samples were taken from around the periphery of the canopy from ft above ground.

22. 2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test Treatments applied 3X
Carbaryl 4L (3 qts) Movento (6 oz) Movento Fulfill
carbaryl spirotetramat
Danitol 2.4 EC (4 oz) Belay (6 oz) Belay Movento
fenpropathrin clothianidin
Carbaryl 4L (3 qts) Fulfill (4 oz) Fulfill Movento
carbaryl pymetrozine
Brigade WSB (16 oz) Movento (6 oz) Movento Fulfill
bifenthrin
Voliam Xpress (10 oz) Dimilin (12 oz) Belay Belay
lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole
Weevil Trtmnt 1st Aphid Trtmnt 2nd Aphid Trtmnt 3rd Aphid Trtmnt

23. Pre-treatment Aphid Counts
August 11, 2011
Pre-treatment Aphid Counts
Avg aphids/cmpd leaf

24. Post-Treatment Aphid Count 1st treatment applied Aug. 15-17
August 23, 2011
Post-Treatment Aphid Count
1st treatment applied Aug
Avg aphids/cmpd leaf
August 23, 2011
Post-Treatment Aphid Count
1st treatment applied Aug
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A)
= Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz)
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A)
= Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Movento (6 oz/A)
= Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Dimilin (12 oz)
All treatments applied at 100 gpa using a
1000 gallon Durand-Wayland airblast sprayer

25. September 20, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count
2nd treatment application Aug
3rd treatment application Sept. 7-9
Avg aphids/cmpd leaf
2nd Application 3rd Application
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A)
= Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz)
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A)
= Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Movento (6 oz/A)
= Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Belay (6 oz)
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A)
= Danitol (4 oz) + Movento (6 oz)
= Carbaryl 4L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A)
= Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A)
= Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Belay (6 oz)

26. Summary
Both treatments that included carbaryl, even with the addition of an aphid product, flared BPA’s
The treatment that included Voliam Xpress, even with an aphid product, flared ‘yellow’ aphids
The treatment that included Brigade provided the best overall control of all aphids followed by the treatment that included the low rate of Danitol
A higher, labeled rate of Danitol should provide good control
Late-season leaf retention was best with the Brigade WSB treatment.

27. Acknowledgments
Research funding was provided by the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecan
Technical assistance provided by:
Ann Amis, Brent Hartley, Chuck Rawls and Saleah Starks
This presentation reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA.