1. Other Testing Issues
Chapter 7
Red book

2. Professional Competency Associated with the Assessment Process
Standards can come from many different sources
Main ones coming from NCTRC
Minimum standards are disclosed in the NCTRC Certification Standards, Part V: National Job Analysis
Table 7.1, Page 135
Standards related to assessment and measurement
Understanding procedures associated with assessment
Knowing processes associated with evaluation and documentation used in the course of treatment
Comprehending processes and procedures associated with quality assurance

3. Competencies related to Procedures
A procedure is the act of following a predetermined sequence of actions to cause the purposeful manipulation of specific conditions
Observing a client’s behaviors
Interviewing clients
Assessing a client’s functional skills
The administration of specific leisure assessment instruments
Testing tools with specific procedures (pg. 136)
Testing tools with more “guidelines” (pg. 136)
The administration of other (not field specific) inventories or questionnaires
NCTRC Cert standards associated with procedures
page 136

4. Competencies related to Process
A process is an active, dynamic situation in which a direction or intent can be discerned
Unlike the rigid structure provided by a procedure, processes associated with the initiation, conduct, and conclusion of an assessment are a fluid course of action guided by basic rules and models.
NCTRC Cert standards associated with Process
page 137

5. Competencies related to Basic Knowledge
Ability to assess domains
NCTRC Cert standards
Page 137

6. Competencies Beyond Knowledge & Skill
Clinical reasoning
The use of technical knowledge, learned facts, personal experience, and personal judgment to analyze a situation and reach a conclusion about the appropriate course of action
When your education can not provide a previously learned answer to the clinical situation presented
Examples on top left of page 138
Expert Judgment
Synthesizing information held by the therapist to predict likely impacts of treatment or variables in the environment
Examples on bottom left of page 138
Ambiguity
When the evidence or situation can logically have two or more different explanations, hiding the cause or making unclear the actions that the professional should take.
Review facts, use logic
Examples on right side of page 138

7. Competencies Associated with the Assessment of Quality
Assessment of quality assurance entails skills and knowledge related to procedures, processes, and holding the underlying knowledge that is required to implement those procedures and processes
With the implementation of standardized multidisciplinary assessments
Many contain quality measures
Scoring patterns that can identify potential problems in client care
RAI/MDS
IRF/PAI

8. Boundaries
When boundaries and kept, no client is offered special favors
Violations of professional boundaries impacts the
Assessment process
Ongoing assessment
Evaluation
Codependency
Example pg. 141

9. Adapting Tests
It is critical that you include a summary of the specific adaptations made along with any test results obtained.

10. Behaviors that Impact Reliability of Test Scores
There are some situations where the reliability of test scores may be lower, not because of the structure of the test, but because of the actions of the client being assessed
Client Cooperation
Two studies indicated that 30% of variance was caused by lack of client cooperation
Client’s Inability to Report Accurately
Issues to consider (page 145)

11. Cultural Issues with Tests
Content not universal in scope
Narrow cultural context
Language Barrier
Integrating Cultural Sensitivity into Practice

12. Trait vs. State Trait State
A characteristic that tends to be long-lasting and enduring.
Often used to refer to physical characteristics
Traits related to attitudes tend to be learned patterns of thought, beliefs, and action that may also have some genetic basis
Examples pg. 149
State
Relatively short-lived emotional responses or physical functions that are a direct result of a situation or something in the environment
Examples pg. 149 & 151
Importance of disclosing suspected state vs. trait differences
Example pg. 151