1. 3.2 -Violence in sport What types of violence are there?
Why does violence occur?
How is violence dealt with?

2. Violence in Football- Video
Types of violence
Violence generally occurs in in one of two ways...
As a spontaneous outburst
As a predetermined or planned action
Ronan O'Gara
Violence in Football- Video
Ron Artest

3. Why does violence occur?
Covered in greater detail in ‘Chapter 12- Changing behaviour’
General causes will be...
Genetic inheritance predisposing people towards aggressive behaviour
Frustration- in competitive environments , frustration can lead to aggression.
The more important the contest the greater the potential for aggression
Loss of self-identity, following actions of crowd rather than own nature.
Social learning- Imitating actions of a role model (reinforced in some way)

4. How is Violence dealt with?
Dealing with violent behaviour is the responsibilty of...
NGB of the sport and League officials
Team Managers/Coaches
Individual performers

5. NGBs and their role
Why?
Responsibilty to protect players from being the victim
Keen to diminish violent behaviour which brings the sport into disrepute
Police and legal system becoming more involved, NGB would rather deal with it themselves.
How?
Ensuring officials decisions are supported
Punishing players post match
Using post-match video evidence or citing system
Using players with good disciplinary records as role models
Using fair play awards
Training officials in how to diffuse situations.

6. Team Managers/Coaches and their role
Why?
Great responsibility for player conduct
Instructions given in training, expectations and singling players out all affect behaviour
How?
Setting a good example
Establish a code of conduct
Criticise and punish players
Drop or fine player
Praise and promote those who set good example
Try to keep volatile players out of high pressure situations
Stress appropriate behaviour in team talks
Understand individual levels of arousal and try to avoid over arousal
Train players to manage own arousal
Avoid a ‘Win at all costs’ mentality

7. Individual performers and their role
Why?
In reality, a player is responsible fro their own actions.
Should have clear understanding of moral and ethical code.
Through social learning ideals will be refined and formed.
How?
Being exposed to positive role models from a young age
Receiving a set of expectations or code of conduct
Understanding how to control their own levels of arousal
Knowing what leads to anger and frustration and finding ways to avoid those situations
Need confidence to take an individual stand even if asked to behave in a certain way