1. Engagement Patterns of Social Groups
Starter: What are the social groupings that influence participation? (SADGE)
Learning outcomes:
Know the impact that gender, age, socio-economic group, ethnicity, disability and the other people’s influence have on participation in sport.
Understand how to interpret data in graphs about participation rates
Apply knowledge of engagement patterns within a scenario

2. S A D G E age socio-economic groups disability gender ethnicity S Some
A Animals
D Do
G Get
E Eaten
S A D G E
socio-economic groups
age
S Sport
A Always
D Does
G Good (for)
E Everybody
disability
S Some
A Athletes
D Do
G Get
E Excellence
gender
ethnicity

3. Why would participation rates be affected? What example can you give?
Socio-economic groups
Jak Cawley
Ronnie Foster
Drew Ingham
Gender
Jack Marshall
James Bendell
Jake Folland
Disability
Ethan Smith
Lewis Amey
Tariq Al-Maskriy
Age groups
Haji Mnoga
Jack Armour
Ethnicity
George Potter
Scott Martin
For each social group, answer the following question:
Why would participation rates be affected?
What example can you give?

4. Socio-economic group
Socio-economic group split people according to their job or profession. If you are high earning professionals you one be put into one group, and if you are low earning, you would be put in another.
Groupings like this are generalisations, but can say something about people’s chances to access and take part in sport and the sort of attitude to sport or physical activity around them.
Socio-economic group can affect participation rates and the activity participated in.
E.g. Most activities have associated costs – hire of facilities, lessons, equipment, clothing etc. Running – inexpensive. Football – requires some costs (boots etc). Golf – expensive equipment and club fees.
Reasons for differences in participation include:
Cost – some activities cost more than other.
Availability – some activities are harder to get to for some people than others. E.g. Skiing.

5. Age Groups
Age can affect performance and may also influence participation in physical activity.
In most sports it is good to start young, however, some competitive events may have age restrictions. E.g. London Marathon.
Work and family responsibilities, as well as health problems, may influence whether older people can take part in physical activity.
Some sports lend themselves better to younger people. E.g. Gymnastics needs high levels of flexibility, strength and co-ordination. It will be difficult for someone older to begin training to be a gymnast.
Some sports will lend themselves better to older people. E.g. Golf and bowls – needs patience, mental strength and tactical awareness.
Reasons for differences included:
Access – A local tennis club may only allow juniors to play at weekends, but if they have a weekend job this means they cannot play.
Cost – Money may be needed to play sport and older people may have bills to pay. Younger people may not have access to funds.
Time – Less time to play sport due to work.
Nature of activity - Some activities may be difficult to participate in as you get older.

6. Disability
A person’s disability may influence their choice of activity.
There are many adapted sports available, such as wheelchair tennis and rugby, boccia, goalball etc.
Adapting sports can be expensive and sports facilities may not be able to run disability sessions as much as mainstream sports. Therefore a disabled person is not able to access physical activity if this prevents them.
Reasons for differences in participation include:
Availability – lack of facilities or clubs in the area.
Cost – Specialist equipment might be expensive.
Access – Physical barriers, such as a lack of ramps or pool hoists.
Stereotyping – whether by the person with the disability or by others (thinking that they cannot take part).

7. Gender
The idea that some physical activities are more ‘male’ or ‘female’ has mostly disappeared.
However, some activities offer more opportunities for one sex that the other.
Overall in the UK, a greater proportion of men than women play sport.
40.7% of men, opposed to 31.2% of women according to Sport England’s data for 2014/15.
The public perception of an activity can also be a problem: for example, how much coverage the different genders get in the media for the same sport.
Lack of participation can be due to a number of different barriers preventing individuals from taking part.
Reasons for differences in participation includes:
Image – some men do not want to do dance or play netball as they think these are ‘female’ activities. Some females would not play rugby or do boxing because they consider them to be ‘male’ activities.
Cost – Women generally earn less money than men.
Time – traditionally, women have less time as they spend time looking after the home/their children. Very old ideas that is still true in some cases.

8. Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to a population whose members identify with each other and are united by common cultural, linguistic or religious traits.
It can influence what we choose to play and what sports we succeed in. It can also influence other people’s attitudes and our ability to progress performance wise in sport.
There have been racist abuse instances against non-white players. This often happens in football, and is still an issue that sport works hard to combat.
In 2008, Paul Ince became the first black English manager in the Premiership.
Reasons for differences in participation include:
Cultural influences – family or peers influencing whether someone does or doesn’t do an activity. E.g.Cricket is very popular among Asian countries.
Stereotyping – people from particular backgrounds are steered towards or away from certain activities. E.g. People of African origin are associated with running and not swimming.
Cost – some people from different ethnic minority groups may have less money to spend n sport. E.g. A Syrian refugee without a permanent job would not have the money to access expensive sports.

9. Apply it… Try to gain as many marks as you can
Scott, Ethan Describe the 5 different socio-cultural groups (2 marks) Jak, Lewis , Jack Armour, Ronnie, Drew Explain how the 5 different socio-cultural groups affect participation in sport (4 marks) Tariq, Jake, Haji, George, James, Jack M Using examples, explain why being part of one of the 5 different socio- economic groups affects participation in sport (6 marks ) Extension Q Explain which social group you believe has the most barriers to participation and justify your reasons for this.

10. Social Groups - Quiz
Q1. State one reason for the difference in participation rates between the socio-economic groups (2 marks).
Q2. Explain two reasons why there is a difference in participation rates between men and women. (4 mark).
Q3. Explain one reason why people may participate in sport less as they grow older (3 marks).
Q4. Explain two reasons why participation rate in sport and physical activities are low among people with disabilities (3 marks)
Q5. Using an example, explain how stereotyping can impact on participation rates of ethnic minority groups (3 marks).

11. Social Groups - Quiz
Q1. Lack of money among lower socio-economic group (1) therefore less to spend on leisure activities (1).
Q2. Women may have less time for sport (1) because traditionally they look after the children as well as work (1). Women generally earn less than men (1) and therefore do not have as much money to spend on leisure activities (1).
Q3. Adults have reduced access to sports (1) and they may have to join a club if they want to play (1) whereas when you are at school, sport is available through PE lessons or after school clubs (1).
Q4. There could be a lack of availability or access (1). For example, a wheelchair user may want to play basketball, but may not live close enough to a sports facility that offers this activity (1). Or this could be due to stereotyping (1) for example the person may feel embarrassed to go to the sports centre due to the reaction of others (1).
Q5. Stereotyping in sport is where we assume that certain groups of people will all have the same skills or abilities (1). For example, because Usain Bolt is good at sprinting, a stereotypical view would be that all Jamaicans are good at sprinting (1). This might mean that anyone from that ethnic group may be encouraged to participate in sprinting rather than another activity (1).