1. FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS1

2. Stainless Steel
Stainless steel also known as Corrosion Resistance or Chromium Bearing steel.
12% Cr which forms Chromium oxide protective layer  barrier to rust and corrosion.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

3. Types of Stainless Steel
Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

4. Austenitic SS
It has austenitic Microstructure retained at room temperature.
When Ni is present, the tendency of Ni to lower the critical temperature and override the effect of Cr. Thus it becomes completely Austentitic.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

5. 0.15% C is only allowed to avoid formation of Carbides.
If they are slowly cooled (or) if they are heated at a range of 500 – 700 deg C, Carbide forms and this types of Corrosion is called Weld Decay.
To prevent it we use stabilizers like Nb or Ti.
High strength, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance can be achieved by dispersion of fine TiC etc.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

6. Composition C – 0.03 to 0.15% Si – 1 to 2% Ni – 3.5 to 22%
Mn – 2 to 10%
Cr – 16 to 26%
P and S – 0.002%
Ferrous – remaining.
Mo and Ti is added at some cases.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

7. Applications Air craft industry Chemical Processing House hold things
Diary Industry
Transportation
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

8. Ferritic SS Ferritic Microstructure al through
Cr – 12 to 25% and <0.1% C.
It is strengthened only by Work Hardening.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

9. Composition C – 0.08 to 0.1% Mn – 1 to 1.5% Si – 1% Cr – 12 to 25%
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

10. Properties Magnetic Good Ductility
Great Strength, Toughness, Corossion Resistance
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

11. Application Lining for Petroleum Industry
Heating Elements of Furnace, oil burner parts etc.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

12. Martenistic SS Cr – 12 to 25% C - 0.1 to 1.5%
The Presence of carbon restores the alpha to austenite Transformation.
The Composition can be heated to the austenitic range of temp and will transform to martensite on cooling
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

13. Composition C – 0.1 to 1.5% Mn – 1% Si – 1% Cr – 12 to 25%
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

14. Properties Good Thermal conductivity Good Ductility and Hardness
Great Toughness, Corrosion Resistance
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

15. Application Pumps, Valve parts, rules and tapes Surgical Instruments.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

16. Tool steel
Designated based on Quenching, Primary Applications and Special Characteristics.
It is designed by AISI SAE.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

17. Types Cold Work Shock Resisting W (Water Hardening)  W1,W2,W5
O (Oil Hardening)  O1,O2,O6,O7.
A (Air Hardening)  A2, A4,A6,A7 etc.
D (High C, High Cr)  D2,D3,D4,etc.
Shock Resisting
S  S1,S2,S4,S5,S6,S7.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

18. Hot Work - H High Speed H10 – H19 : Cr based H20 – H39 : W based
H40 – H59 : Mo based .
High Speed
Mo Base : M1, M2 etc.
T Base : T1, T4,T5, T6 etc.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

19. Special Purpose  L – Low alloy.
Plastic Mold  P – P6, P20, P21.
Special Purpose  L – Low alloy.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

20. HSLA Steel
Known as High Strength Low Alloy steel or Micro alloyed steel.
Main role is Weight reduction through Increased Strength.
Mainly used in Structural Applications.
0.20% OF Cu is added to improve Corrosion resistance.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

21. Properties High Yield Strength
Good Weldability (Welded without becoming brittle)
Corrosion resistance
No Hardenability
Limited Ductility
Easily Formable
Very Light Weighted.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

22. Applications Bridges Towers High Rise Building Pressure Vessels
Automobiles
Trains.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

23. Maraging Steel High alloyed and low carbon steels.
High Strength material with strength up to 1900Mpa.
These Steel forms Martensite upon cooling (air quenched) from austenizing temperature.
Martensite formed are Tough and Ductile due to low carbon content.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

24. Composition 18 % Ni 12.5% Co 0.05% of C 5% of Mo
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

25. Properties Ultra high strength Excellent fracture toughness
Good machinability
Good forming characteristics
High yield strength to tensile strength ratio
Good Weldability
Good dimensional stability
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS

26. Applications PRODUCTION : Tooling Pinion & drive shafts of helicopter
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS
Applications
PRODUCTION : Tooling
Pinion & drive shafts of helicopter
Carbide die holders
Gears, tools, pistons, springs in mechanical tools
AEROSPACE:
Large rocket motor cases
Loading gears & cells
Jet engine shafts
Ring rolling components
MILITARY & NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS:
Rocket motor cases
Rapid firing guns

27. Maraging Heat resisting Steels: Hadfield Manganese Steels:
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS
Maraging
Heat resisting Steels:
0.4% C, 10% Cr, 0.2% Si, 1.4% Mo, 36%Ni
Creep and Oxidation Resistance
Used in Furnace, Exhaust Valves, Rotor of steam Engine.
Hadfield Manganese Steels:
12-14% Mn, 1% C
If any attempt to deform it gets harden.
Used in Bucket teeth, Crushers, etc.

28. Free Machining Steels Magnet Steels Free Cutting Steels
Reduce rubbing against cutting tools and associate wear and friction.
Magnet Steels
Temporary magnets with silicon bearing steels and very low carbon.
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS ALLOYS