1. Imperialism of Southeast Asia
Chapter 27.5

3. Why and who invades Southeast Asia?
Pacific Rim = lands within Southeast Asia
Desired for LOCATION as a sea route to China
Tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil
Euro powers challenge each other for parts of the region
Imperial Powers that be:
Dutch
British
French
Portuguese
Spanish

4. European Invasion 1700s Dutch East India Company controls:
Strait of Malacca (Malaysia) from Portuguese
Java (Indonesia) from British
Eventually the entire island chain of Indonesia
Create rigid social class system
Dutch = top
Educated Indonesians = middle
Plantation workers = bottom
Germans claim Marshall Islands (northeast of New Guinea), parts of New Guinea (northeast of Australia) and Solomon Islands (east of Papua New Guinea)

5. British British control Singapore – on Malaysian Peninsula
Sing. becomes world’s busiest port. Why?
Increased demand for tin and rubber
Opening of Suez Canal
Britain encourages Chinese migration to Malaysia
Malays become minority
Conflict b/t Chinese and Malays exist today

6. Viva France!!! French control Indochina: Used direct control
North and South Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia
Used direct control
French filled all positions in government
Did not encourage local industry
Devoted 4 times the land for rice production
For export not local consumption
Reduction in local rice production fuels resistance

7. Colonial Impact Positive Negative Economies grew (based on cash crops
Transportation improvements: roads, harbors, rail systems
Improved communication
Health, education, and sanitation
Negative
Took away independence
Racism
Melting pot of Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhists
Clashes still seen today

8. Siam Siam = present day Thailand
Location = b/t Britain’s Burma and France’s Indochina
Siam remained neutral
Convinced Brits and French
Modernized
Started schools
Reformed legal system
Reorganized government
Built railroads and telegraph systems
Ended slavery
Neutrality and independence equaled no:
Racism and economic exploitation found in colonized countries
Today
Southern Thailand in turmoil
Muslims fighting against Buddhist majority

9. United States in the Pacific Islands
U.S. dislikes the idea of colonization.
Why?
Two groups LIKE the idea of imperialism
Empire builders who wanted world dominance
Business men wanting new markets and trading partners
Spanish-American war (1898)
U.S. declares war on Spain after the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana, Cuba.
Signing of Treaty of Paris ends war
Spain loses possessions to U.S.
U.S. acquires Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
Filipinos don’t want to replace one imperialist for another
Filipinos declare independence
Fight U.S. and lose ( )
U.S. promises preparation for self-rule
Builds infrastructure (roads, railways, schools, etc.)
Introduces cash crops which leads to food shortages

10. U.S. and Hawaii
1790 Hawaii becomes of interest to U.S.
Port on the way to Hawaii, China, and East India
1820s sugar trade changes Hawaiian economy
U.S. establishes sugar plantations
Sugar planters gain political power in Hawaii
McKinley Tariff Act (1890)
Starts crisis
Eliminates tariffs on sugar entering U.S.
Sugar from Hawaii now becomes more expensive than sugar produced elsewhere
U.S. business leaders push for annexation (adding of territory)
If Hawaii were part of the U.S. sugar cold be sold for greater profits because producers would get money (2 cents/pound) from government (subsidy)
Queen Liliuokalani calls for new constitution that would increase her power
Would also restore power to Hawaiians
U.S. businessmen overthrow monarchy and remove Liliuokalani from power
Sanford B. Dole named president of Hawaii and asks U.S. for annexation (1898)