1. Theories of First and Second Language Acquisition

2. Theory of Second Language Acquisition
Stephen Krashen’s 5 main hypotheses

3. Krashen 1: The Acquisition Learning Hypothesis
There is a distinction between second language acquired through natural communication and second language learned formally
Implicit idea: students learn best through modeling and practice, not overt correction by the teacher

4. Krashen 2: Natural Order Hypothesis
Individuals learn a second language in a predictable order

5. Krashen 3: Monitor Hypothesis
Individual learners internalize the rules of the second language and use these to monitor their own errors before and after language production.

6. Krashen 5: Input Hypothesis
Language learners progress from one developmental stage to the next, so teachers need to know/assess the level of students’ functioning and respond accordingly with a greater or lesser degree of curriculum support

7. Krashen 5: Affective Filter
A positive affective (stress free) learning environment will enhance language learning

8. Communicative Demands
Communicative tasks: English listening, speaking, reading and writing may be easier or more difficult for ESL learners depending on the task itself