1. Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia cases Artem Uldanov. HSE 2017
Data interpretation
Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia cases
Artem Uldanov. HSE 2017

2. From political slogans to social change
There are different reasons and backgrounds for mass protests in Northern Africa’s states
Unifying characteristics: lack of representation, corruption, economic recession
Different backgrounds = different outcomes of protests
From political slogans to social change

3. Economic preconditions
Source: The Economist

4. “…what happened in 2011 (referring to Arab Spring) in Morocco and elsewhere, like in Tunisia and Egypt is a nation-wide protest as it has mainly a political component. The politics was the main driver of those protests.”
Dr. M.Mosbah, from an interview
Main driver

5. Egypt – public vs power contradictions
Egypt – public vs power contradictions. Overpopulation, demographic situation. Focus on legal and political issues
Tunisia – political protest with strong economic background. High unemployment rate, corruption, low accountability of governing bodies
Morocco – started as a power vs power contradictions (Royal family vs Party of Justice and Development). Creation of big movement and strategy of not to threaten the existence of the regime
Features

6. Mass protests in Tunisia and Egypt (Morocco little bit less) characterized by strong involvement of social media. After Ben Ali disappearance idea of “Twitter revolution” became very popular
According to C.Huang: The most popular Twitter hashtags in the Arab region in the first three months of 2011 were “Egypt”, “Jan25”and “protest”. Nearly 9 of 10 Egyptians and Tunisians surveyed in March 2011 said they were using Facebook to organise protests or spread awareness about them.
Creation of a public

7. Social media to the rescue
Chart based on materials from C.Huang’s research “Social media and the Arab Spring”, 2013
Social media to the rescue

8. Slogans and troubled messages

9. Materials from The Economist
Current situation