1. Trends Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2017
Brian O’Meara
EEB464 Fall 2017

2. Learning objectives Understand kinds of biological trends
Describe ways to test these trends

3. Widespread tendency of many animal groups to grow towards larger sizes
Cope’s Rule
Widespread tendency of many animal groups to grow towards larger sizes

4. What could explain a trend?
How would you test it?

5. MCSHEA. MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS
MCSHEA. MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS. Evolution (1994) vol. 48 (6) pp

6. MCSHEA. MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS
MCSHEA. MECHANISMS OF LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS. Evolution (1994) vol. 48 (6) pp

8. Alroy . Cope's rule and the dynamics of body mass evolution in North American fossil mammals. Science (1998) vol. 280 (5364) pp

9. Alroy . Cope's rule and the dynamics of body mass evolution in North American fossil mammals. Science (1998) vol. 280 (5364) pp

10. Alroy . Cope's rule and the dynamics of body mass evolution in North American fossil mammals. Science (1998) vol. 280 (5364) pp

11. Alroy. Understanding the dynamics of trends within evolving lineages
Alroy. Understanding the dynamics of trends within evolving lineages. Paleobiology (2000) vol. 26 (3) pp

12. Wang. Accounting for unequal variances in evolutionary trend mechanisms. Paleobiology (2005) vol. 31 (2) pp

13. Alroy. Understanding the dynamics of trends within evolving lineages
Alroy. Understanding the dynamics of trends within evolving lineages. Paleobiology (2000) vol. 26 (3) pp

14. on right, open and closed are different clades with different starting points. Note how hard to tell apart the subfigures are
Alroy. Understanding the dynamics of trends within evolving lineages. Paleobiology (2000) vol. 26 (3) pp

15. Laurin. The evolution of body size, Cope's rule and the origin of amniotes. Syst Biol (2004) vol. 53 (4) pp

16. Laurin. The evolution of body size, Cope's rule and the origin of amniotes. Syst Biol (2004) vol. 53 (4) pp

17. Time
Hunt and Roy. Climate change, body size evolution, and Cope's Rule in deep-sea ostracodes. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (2006) vol. 103 (5) pp

18. Hunt and Roy. Climate change, body size evolution, and Cope's Rule in deep-sea ostracodes. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (2006) vol. 103 (5) pp

20. Novack-Gottshall and Lanier
Novack-Gottshall and Lanier. Scale-dependence of Cope's rule in body size evolution of Paleozoic brachiopods. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (2008) vol. 105 (14) pp