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Directions If you haven’t taken the mink test or the unit 08 muscle test yet, you will do that today. Go sit in the back and wait for the test to be handed out. If you have taken the test, you will be finishing the reading guide on chapter 15 that we started a few weeks ago with the substitute. Get an iPad and a book. Download the reading guide from my website. Daily updates 2/23/2016 (you’ll need to scroll down) Finish the reading guide. You should already have it started in your notes.
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Write Unit 09 The Digestive System
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Write 15.1 Introduction
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Introduction Digestion:
Write Introduction Digestion: The mechanical and chemical break down of foods The absorption of nutrients.
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Introduction Digestive System Alimentary Canal
Write Introduction Digestive System Alimentary Canal and Accessory Organs Alimentary Canal Single tube that runs from mouth to anus Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine large intestine and anal canal
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The digestive system is a tube, open at both ends.
Write Introduction Alimentary Canal Organs Accessory Organs Mouth 1. Salivary Glands 2. Pharynx 2. Liver 3. Esophagus 3. Gall Bladder 4. Stomach 4. Pancreas 5. Small Intestines 6. Large Intestines 7. Anal Canal The digestive system is a tube, open at both ends. It supplies body cells with nutrients that can be used to make energy and build polymers that the body needs.
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Listen
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Listen
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Digestive System Video
Watch Digestive System Video
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Write 15.2 General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal
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General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal
Watch General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal The tube that makes up your alimentary canal is made up of four layers of tissue. Mucosa Submucosa Muscular Layer Serosa Tissue Types Epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue Loose connective tissue Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Structures found within the membrane Glands Glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves Cicrular and longitudinal fibers None Function Protection Secretion Absorption Nourishes and removes waste from surrounding tissue Peristalsis Secretes serous fluid
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Listen
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Listen
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Write Movements of the Tube The motor functions of the alimentary canal are of two basic types: Mixing movements Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions Propelling movements Peristalsis Contraction behind the food Dilation in front of the food
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Watch Peristalsis Video
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Write 15.3 Mouth
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Structures and Functions of the Mouth
Write Structures and Functions of the Mouth Structure Function Cheeks Skin, fat and muscle Expression and chewing Lips Muscle, sensory receptors Judge temperature and texture Tongue Muscle Move food Papillae of the tongue Rough projections Friction for handling food Taste buds Frenulum Membranous fold Connects tongue to floor of mouth Palate Hard and soft parts Closes opening to nasal cavity and pharynx Uvula Muscular arch Palatine tonsils Lymphatic tissue Help body fight infection Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)
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Teeth types Primary teeth (deciduous) Secondary Teeth
Write Teeth types Primary teeth (deciduous) Erupt from 6 months to 2-4 years old 20 total Not permanent (fall out) Secondary Teeth 6 years until 20 years 32 total Permanent
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Listen
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Teeth Types Incisors Cuspids/canine Bicuspids and Molars
Write Teeth Types Incisors Bite off large chunks of food Cuspids/canine Grasp and tear food Bicuspids and Molars Grinding food
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Listen
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Draw
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Write 15.4 Salivary Glands
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Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Glands that secrete Saliva
Write Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Glands that secrete Saliva Two Secretory cells Serous Secrete watery fluid with amylase Amylase Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates Mucous Cells Secrete mucus Binds and lubricates food
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Major Salivary Glands Write Parotid Submandibular Sublingual Size
Largest Medium Smallest Location Anterior/inferior to ear Floor of mouth Floor of the mouth Secretion Watery fluid + amylase More viscous than parotid mucous
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Write 15.5 Pharynx and Esophagus
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Listen
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Pharynx and Esophagus Pharynx Structures of the Pharynx Epiglottis
Write Pharynx and Esophagus Pharynx Cavity posterior to the mouth Connects nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus Structures of the Pharynx Nasopahrynx Provides air from nasal cavity Oropharynx Passageway for food from mouth Movement of air to and from nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Passage way to esophagus Epiglottis Membrane that blocks trachea when swallowing
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Write Swallowing Mechanism Soft Palate/uvula rises preventing food from entering the nasal cavity. Epiglottis blocks trachea Tongue presses against soft palate separating oral cavity from pharynx Muscle contraction pulls pharynx upwards towards the food Lower portion of pharynx relax and open esophagus Peristalsis
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Esophagus Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Heartburn Video
Write Esophagus Esophagus Straight collapsible tube Food passageway Lower esophageal sphincter Prevent stomach acid from going up into the esophagus Heartburn Video
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Write 15.6 Stomach
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Listen
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Stomach Stomach J Shaped wrinkly Pouch 1 liter capacity
Write Stomach Stomach J Shaped wrinkly Pouch 1 liter capacity Mixes and digests food
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Draw and Label
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Parts of the Stomach Cardiac Region Fundic Region Body Region
Pyloric Region Pyloric Canal
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Gastric Secretions Gastric Glands Composed of 3 cell types
Write Gastric Secretions Gastric Glands Composed of 3 cell types Mucous cells Secrete mucous Chief Cells Digestive enzymes Parietal Cells Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) All three fluids together = Gastric Juice
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Important Enzymes Pepsinogen: Pepsin:
Write Important Enzymes Pepsinogen: Inactive precursor to pepsin Pepsin: Digests proteins Pepsinogen + Hydrochloric Acid = Pepsin
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Gastric Juice Regulation
Write Gastric Juice Regulation Gastric Juice is regulated nervously and hormonally Smell and taste can stimulate Hormones: Gastrin: Increases gastric juice production Choleocystokinenin: stops stomach contractions while food empties into small intestine.
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Listen
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Mixing and emptying action
Write Mixing and emptying action Chyme: Food + gastric Juice Movement of food: Liquids Fastest Carbohydrates Faster Proteins Medium Fats Slow
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Write 15.7 Pancreas
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Listen
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Pancreas Pancreas Pancreatic Juice Function: Secretion
Write Pancreas Pancreas Function: Secretion Endocrine Secretions: Insulin Exocrine Secretion: Pancreatic Juice Pancreatic Juice Enzymes that digest Carbohydrates Pancreatic amylase Fats Pancreatic lipase Nucleic acids Nucleases Proteins Trypsin Chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase
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Write 15.8 Liver
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Liver Functions: Maintain blood glucose levels
Write Liver Functions: Maintain blood glucose levels Converts proteins and carbohydrates into fat Protein metabolism Storage of vitamins Helps destroy damaged red blood cells Removes toxins (ex. Alcohol) Bile production*
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Listen
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Detox Diets Article c/05/detox-myth-health-diet-science-ignorance
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Liver Structure Hepatic Lobules Hepatic Sinusoids
Functional unit of the liver Central vein Hepatic cells radiating out Hepatic Sinusoids Attach to hepatic portal vein
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Blood from small intestine – Portal Vein - (High nutrient/low oxygen)
Blood from heart – hepatic artery - (Low Nutrient/high oxygen)
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Bile Production Bile Yellowish green liquid produced by liver cells
Composed of: Bile salts: Digest fats Bile pigments: products of red blood cell breakdown Bilirubin – why your poop is brown Cholesterol Electrolytes
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Gall Bladder Function: Bile storage tank
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Small Intestines
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Structure: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
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Structure: Duodenum 25 cm C shaped Jejunum 2.5m Ilelum 3.5m
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Small Intestine Structure
Intestinal Villi Tiny projections Most numerous on duodenum Greatly increase absorption
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Small Intestine secretions
Enzymes Peptidase Proteins amino acids Sucrase, maltase and lactase Carbohydrates monosaccharides Intestinal lipase Fats fatty acids and glycerol
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15.10 Large Intestines
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Structure
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Structure TRANSVERSE COLON DESCENDING COLON ASCENDING COLON
SIGMOID COLON CECUM RECTUM
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Large Intestines Function
Secretes Mucus Absorb Water and electrolytes Intestinal Flora Bacteria that break down what your body could not Example: Fiber Create Vitamins like B12 and K Excretes intestinal gas (farts)
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Sphincters Sphincter: Ring of muscles that closes an opening
Upper esophageal Gateway between mouth and esophagus Lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter Gate way between esophagus and stomach Pyloric Sphincter Gateway between stomach and small intestines Ileocecal Gateway between small intestines and large intestines Anal Sphincter at the end of the rectum
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Upper esophageal Sphincter (Mouth/pharynx)
Lower esophageal Sphincter (esophagus/stomach) Pyloric Sphincter (Stomach/Small Intestines) Ileocecum Sphincter (Small/Large Intestines) Anal Sphincter (Anus – outside)
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Digestive System Activity
Glue 3 pieces of printer paper together Cut pieces of string according to length on your handout Glue string onto the printer paper in the proper order Draw in the accessory organs in the correct locations Salivary Glands (3), Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas Label the organs of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs Mouth or Tongue, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Large Intestines(Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon), Rectum, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Salivary Glands (Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual) Read the rest of your handout *Please use the dark red string for the small intestines. That way I won’t run out of the other colors of string! Extra credit: Label the sphincters of the alimentary canal. Upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, ileocecum sphincter, anal sphincter
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Close read Please make sure you have a pencil or pen for your school-wide close read post test!
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