2. Directions
If you haven’t taken the mink test or the unit 08 muscle test yet, you will do that today.
Go sit in the back and wait for the test to be handed out.
If you have taken the test, you will be finishing the reading guide on chapter 15 that we started a few weeks ago with the substitute.
Get an iPad and a book.
Download the reading guide from my website.
Daily updates 2/23/2016 (you’ll need to scroll down)
Finish the reading guide.
You should already have it started in your notes.

3. Write
Unit 09
The Digestive System

4. Write
15.1
Introduction

5. Introduction Digestion:
Write
Introduction
Digestion:
The mechanical and chemical break down of foods
The absorption of nutrients.

6. Introduction Digestive System Alimentary Canal
Write
Introduction
Digestive System
Alimentary Canal and Accessory Organs
Alimentary Canal
Single tube that runs from mouth to anus
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine large intestine and anal canal

7. The digestive system is a tube, open at both ends.
Write
Introduction
Alimentary Canal Organs
Accessory Organs
Mouth
1. Salivary Glands
2. Pharynx
2. Liver
3. Esophagus
3. Gall Bladder
4. Stomach
4. Pancreas
5. Small Intestines
6. Large Intestines
7. Anal Canal
The digestive system is a tube, open at both ends.
It supplies body cells with nutrients that can be used to make energy and build polymers that the body needs.

8. Listen

9. Listen

10. Digestive System Video
Watch
Digestive System Video

11. Write
15.2
General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal

12. General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal
Watch
General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal
The tube that makes up your alimentary canal is made up of four layers of tissue.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular Layer
Serosa
Tissue Types
Epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue
Loose connective tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Epithelial tissue
Structures found within the membrane
Glands
Glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Cicrular and longitudinal fibers
None
Function
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Nourishes and removes waste from surrounding tissue
Peristalsis
Secretes serous fluid

13. Listen

14. Listen

15. Write
Movements of the Tube
The motor functions of the alimentary canal are of two basic types:
Mixing movements
Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions
Propelling movements
Peristalsis
Contraction behind the food
Dilation in front of the food

16. Watch
Peristalsis Video

17. Write
15.3 Mouth

18. Structures and Functions of the Mouth
Write
Structures and Functions of the Mouth
Structure
Function
Cheeks
Skin, fat and muscle
Expression and chewing
Lips
Muscle, sensory receptors
Judge temperature and texture
Tongue
Muscle
Move food
Papillae of the tongue
Rough projections
Friction for handling food
Taste buds
Frenulum
Membranous fold
Connects tongue to floor of mouth
Palate
Hard and soft parts
Closes opening to nasal cavity and pharynx
Uvula
Muscular arch
Palatine tonsils
Lymphatic tissue
Help body fight infection
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)

19. Teeth types Primary teeth (deciduous) Secondary Teeth
Write
Teeth types
Primary teeth (deciduous)
Erupt from 6 months to 2-4 years old
20 total
Not permanent (fall out)
Secondary Teeth
6 years until 20 years
32 total
Permanent

20. Listen

21. Teeth Types Incisors Cuspids/canine Bicuspids and Molars
Write
Teeth Types
Incisors
Bite off large chunks of food
Cuspids/canine
Grasp and tear food
Bicuspids and Molars
Grinding food

22. Listen

23. Draw

24. Write
15.4 Salivary Glands

25. Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Glands that secrete Saliva
Write
Salivary Glands
Salivary Glands
Glands that secrete Saliva
Two Secretory cells
Serous
Secrete watery fluid with amylase
Amylase
Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Mucous Cells
Secrete mucus
Binds and lubricates food

26. Major Salivary Glands Write Parotid Submandibular Sublingual Size
Largest
Medium
Smallest
Location
Anterior/inferior to ear
Floor of mouth
Floor of the mouth
Secretion
Watery fluid + amylase
More viscous than parotid
mucous

27. Write
15.5
Pharynx and Esophagus

28. Listen

29. Pharynx and Esophagus Pharynx Structures of the Pharynx Epiglottis
Write
Pharynx and Esophagus
Pharynx
Cavity posterior to the mouth
Connects nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus
Structures of the Pharynx
Nasopahrynx
Provides air from nasal cavity
Oropharynx
Passageway for food from mouth
Movement of air to and from nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Passage way to esophagus
Epiglottis
Membrane that blocks trachea when swallowing

30. Write
Swallowing Mechanism
Soft Palate/uvula rises preventing food from entering the nasal cavity.
Epiglottis blocks trachea
Tongue presses against soft palate separating oral cavity from pharynx
Muscle contraction pulls pharynx upwards towards the food
Lower portion of pharynx relax and open esophagus
Peristalsis

31. Esophagus Esophagus Lower esophageal sphincter Heartburn Video
Write
Esophagus
Esophagus
Straight collapsible tube
Food passageway
Lower esophageal sphincter
Prevent stomach acid from going up into the esophagus
Heartburn Video

32. Write
15.6 Stomach

33. Listen

34. Stomach Stomach J Shaped wrinkly Pouch 1 liter capacity
Write
Stomach
Stomach
J Shaped wrinkly Pouch
1 liter capacity
Mixes and digests food

35. Draw and Label

36. Parts of the Stomach Cardiac Region Fundic Region Body Region
Pyloric Region
Pyloric Canal

37. Gastric Secretions Gastric Glands Composed of 3 cell types
Write
Gastric Secretions
Gastric Glands
Composed of 3 cell types
Mucous cells
Secrete mucous
Chief Cells
Digestive enzymes
Parietal Cells
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
All three fluids together = Gastric Juice

38. Important Enzymes Pepsinogen: Pepsin:
Write
Important Enzymes
Pepsinogen:
Inactive precursor to pepsin
Pepsin:
Digests proteins
Pepsinogen + Hydrochloric Acid = Pepsin

39. Gastric Juice Regulation
Write
Gastric Juice Regulation
Gastric Juice is regulated nervously and hormonally
Smell and taste can stimulate
Hormones:
Gastrin: Increases gastric juice production
Choleocystokinenin: stops stomach contractions while food empties into small intestine.

40. Listen

41. Mixing and emptying action
Write
Mixing and emptying action
Chyme: Food + gastric Juice
Movement of food:
Liquids
Fastest
Carbohydrates
Faster
Proteins
Medium
Fats
Slow

42. Write
15.7 Pancreas

43. Listen

44. Pancreas Pancreas Pancreatic Juice Function: Secretion
Write
Pancreas
Pancreas
Function: Secretion
Endocrine Secretions: Insulin
Exocrine Secretion: Pancreatic Juice
Pancreatic Juice
Enzymes that digest
Carbohydrates
Pancreatic amylase
Fats
Pancreatic lipase
Nucleic acids
Nucleases
Proteins
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase

45. Write
15.8 Liver

46. Liver Functions: Maintain blood glucose levels
Write
Liver
Functions:
Maintain blood glucose levels
Converts proteins and carbohydrates into fat
Protein metabolism
Storage of vitamins
Helps destroy damaged red blood cells
Removes toxins (ex. Alcohol)
Bile production*

47. Listen

49. Detox Diets Article
c/05/detox-myth-health-diet-science-ignorance

50. Liver Structure Hepatic Lobules Hepatic Sinusoids
Functional unit of the liver
Central vein
Hepatic cells radiating out
Hepatic Sinusoids
Attach to hepatic portal vein

53. Blood from small intestine – Portal Vein - (High nutrient/low oxygen)
Blood from heart – hepatic artery - (Low Nutrient/high oxygen)

54. Bile Production Bile Yellowish green liquid produced by liver cells
Composed of:
Bile salts: Digest fats
Bile pigments: products of red blood cell breakdown
Bilirubin – why your poop is brown
Cholesterol
Electrolytes

55. Gall Bladder
Function: Bile storage tank

57. Small Intestines

58. Structure:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

59. Structure:
Duodenum
25 cm
C shaped
Jejunum
2.5m
Ilelum
3.5m

60. Small Intestine Structure
Intestinal Villi
Tiny projections
Most numerous on duodenum
Greatly increase absorption

61. Small Intestine secretions
Enzymes
Peptidase
Proteins  amino acids
Sucrase, maltase and lactase
Carbohydrates  monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase
Fats  fatty acids and glycerol

62. 15.10
Large Intestines

63. Structure

64. Structure TRANSVERSE COLON DESCENDING COLON ASCENDING COLON
SIGMOID COLON
CECUM
RECTUM

65. Large Intestines Function
Secretes Mucus
Absorb Water and electrolytes
Intestinal Flora
Bacteria that break down what your body could not
Example: Fiber
Create Vitamins like B12 and K
Excretes intestinal gas (farts)

67. Sphincters Sphincter: Ring of muscles that closes an opening
Upper esophageal
Gateway between mouth and esophagus
Lower esophageal or cardiac sphincter
Gate way between esophagus and stomach
Pyloric Sphincter
Gateway between stomach and small intestines
Ileocecal
Gateway between small intestines and large intestines
Anal
Sphincter at the end of the rectum

68. Upper esophageal Sphincter (Mouth/pharynx)
Lower esophageal Sphincter (esophagus/stomach)
Pyloric Sphincter (Stomach/Small Intestines)
Ileocecum Sphincter (Small/Large Intestines)
Anal Sphincter (Anus – outside)

69. Digestive System Activity
Glue 3 pieces of printer paper together
Cut pieces of string according to length on your handout
Glue string onto the printer paper in the proper order
Draw in the accessory organs in the correct locations
Salivary Glands (3), Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
Label the organs of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs
Mouth or Tongue, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), Large Intestines(Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon), Rectum, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Salivary Glands (Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual)
Read the rest of your handout
*Please use the dark red string for the small intestines.
That way I won’t run out of the other colors of string!
Extra credit: Label the sphincters of the alimentary canal.
Upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, ileocecum sphincter, anal sphincter

70. Close read
Please make sure you have a pencil or pen for your school-wide close read post test!