1. E3 Hall layout L4f/1.5kJ/150 fs L4p/150J/150 fs – 10 ps L4n/
Target viewing and positioning system must be able to deal with multiple beams and complicated geometries:
L4f/1.5kJ/150 fs
L4p/150J/150 fs – 10 ps
L4n/
1.5kJ/10 ns
L3/30J/30 fs
L2 (???)/30J/30 fs

2. Modes of operation at E3 Single shot operation:
No major radiation issues expected
High rep. rate targets:
Long term radiation activation monitoring
Pulsed power device
High voltage
Target fabrication and storage considered:
Storing of potentially flammable materials
Beryllium will be used, safety measures need to be taken
Activation issues taken into account:
Low Z (Al materials) preferred for all equipment
Replaceable parts like screw hole insets
Geometry and direction of shooting considered for each experimental setup in order to minimize radiation issues
E2 betatron might be moved to E3 (temporalilly):
All concerns with high energy electrons might arise
Beam dumps needed
Prealignment desktop station outside chamber to be used for more complicated crystals
Warm dense matter is an intermediate state between solids and ideal plasmas. It is readily created in laser experiments, ICF implosions and common place in astrophysics, in particular inside planetary cores. It is a difficult regime to describe theoretically since at the temperatures between 1 and 100 eV and solid densities the electron degeneracy is significant and the ions are strongly coupled, so the quantum effects and inter-particle interactions cannot be ignored making the theoretical description of WDM very difficult. The experimental measurement of state variables including temperature, density, pressure and ionization in WDM are of an upmost importance for verification of equation-of-state models.

3. Targets at P3 Proton heating target Focusing magnet
Types of targets expected:
Gas jet (low and high density jets) – H, He, Ar, Ne, N, Xe, O2, doped with high Z elements
Mass limited targets
Simple foil targets for backlighting and particle acceleration (some activation concerns)
Low density foam targets
Liquid crystals (for ultrathin film formation for particle acceleration)
Solid Composite complicated targets with higher Z shielding – more serious concerns
Rasters for high rep. rate operation – both simple and ha
Potentially cryo targets
A priory no target is excluded
Proton heating target
Focusing magnet
Warm dense matter is an intermediate state between solids and ideal plasmas. It is readily created in laser experiments, ICF implosions and common place in astrophysics, in particular inside planetary cores. It is a difficult regime to describe theoretically since at the temperatures between 1 and 100 eV and solid densities the electron degeneracy is significant and the ions are strongly coupled, so the quantum effects and inter-particle interactions cannot be ignored making the theoretical description of WDM very difficult. The experimental measurement of state variables including temperature, density, pressure and ionization in WDM are of an upmost importance for verification of equation-of-state models.
Diffraction WDM target
Gas jet

4. High repetition system
Large rasters of solid targets (potentially complicated) planned for high rep. rate operation
There are already some programmes working on high rep. targetry for ELI facilities:
EUCALL – coordinated between EU XFEL, HZDR,
– WP6 (HIREP) – coordinator: Danielle Margarone
ELI TRANS – ELI Beamlines coordinator: Michal Smid
– dedicated full-time position (not yet assigned)
Main issue: replacement of rasters/cartriges without breaking vacuum – robotic arms?
Warm dense matter is an intermediate state between solids and ideal plasmas. It is readily created in laser experiments, ICF implosions and common place in astrophysics, in particular inside planetary cores. It is a difficult regime to describe theoretically since at the temperatures between 1 and 100 eV and solid densities the electron degeneracy is significant and the ions are strongly coupled, so the quantum effects and inter-particle interactions cannot be ignored making the theoretical description of WDM very difficult. The experimental measurement of state variables including temperature, density, pressure and ionization in WDM are of an upmost importance for verification of equation-of-state models.

5. Robotic replacement systems
Robotic arm or 4-axis atumatic manipulator considered for target raster replacement
Fanuc robot: Manufacturer:
Considered for Apollon for high rep. rate targe replacement
UR robot: Manufacturer:
More compact and lighter than Fanuc
Remote manipulator (MSM – Master-Slave Manipulator):
Similar at operation at JET tokamak and nuclear facilities
Not vacuum compatible, extra expense for development
Not very high precision movement and positioning
TIM insertion mechanism:
Foreseen in the future, but mainly for diagnostics
Not fast, very expensive
Safety related challenges:
Vacuum compatibility, robotic arm tests planned
Activations, not a major concern as most robots have major part made of light materials, some electronics cannot be avoided, not in constant operation, so shielding option is considered
Warm dense matter is an intermediate state between solids and ideal plasmas. It is readily created in laser experiments, ICF implosions and common place in astrophysics, in particular inside planetary cores. It is a difficult regime to describe theoretically since at the temperatures between 1 and 100 eV and solid densities the electron degeneracy is significant and the ions are strongly coupled, so the quantum effects and inter-particle interactions cannot be ignored making the theoretical description of WDM very difficult. The experimental measurement of state variables including temperature, density, pressure and ionization in WDM are of an upmost importance for verification of equation-of-state models.