1. Traffic Across Membranes

2. Factors that Affect the Transport of Molecules Across a Membrane
Charge of the molecule (cation-positive AND anion-negative)
Size of the pores/holes in the membrane
Concentration of molecules inside and outside the cell
Temperature
Available proteins

3. Passive Transport (three types)
No work or energy is required (spontaneous)
Molecules move down its concentration gradient (i.e. From an area of high concentration to low an area of low concentration)
Continuous movement (even after there are equal concentrations of solutes on both sides of the membrane)
1. Diffusion-movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
diffusion demo

4. Osmosis- diffusion of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

5. Facilitated Diffusion diffusion of polar molecules and ions with the help of transport proteins.
facilitated diffusion

6. Passive transport is like rolling down a hill
Passive transport is like rolling down a hill...happens naturally/no energy

7. Active Transport (two types)
Pumping of solutes against their concentration gradient.
Solutes move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration “uphill”
Requires work/energy
Uses proteins

8. Exocytosis- movement of molecules outside a cell using vesicles.
Endocytosis-cell takes in macromolecules, creating new vesicles.
a.) Phagocytosis-cell engulfs a particle and forms a vesicle- “cell eating”
-vesicle fuses with a lysosome creating a phagolysosome which breaks down the contents
phagocytosis

9. b.) Pinocytosis-cell engulfs extracellular fluid in tiny vesicles- “cell drinking” (not specific)
c.) Receptor-mediated endocytosis- very specific and in clusters to take in bulk amount of a certain type of molecule.

10. http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop. cgi
pino and phago

11. Tonicity (osmosis) Osmoregulation- control of water balance.
*Balancing the water between a cell and its environment is crucial for cell survival.
Types of Solutions:
Hypertonic Solution-solution with a high solute concentration.
Hypotonic Solution-solution with a low solute concentration.
Isotonic- same amount of solute on both sides of the cell membrane.

13. Turgid-very firm
Flaccid-limp/wilts
Plasmolysis-cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

14. osmosis
Hypo Hyper Isotonic