1. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Slide # 02
The Internet as The Biggest Distributed System and Platform for E-business
E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)

2. The Internet and the World Wide Web
Think hardware (“connected” computers/devices)
Originated with ARPANET (late 1960s)
The World Wide Web (WWW) (W3)
Think software (users communicating over the Internet via software applications)
Originated with Tim Berners-Lee and HTML, and took off with the first GUI browser, Mosaic
E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)

3. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
The Internet of Things
Devices can be connected to the Internet
Controlled remotely
Examples: sensors, switches, optical scanners
The Internet of things
Term used for these connected devices
Estimated size is nine billion
Projected to reach 35 billion by 2020
E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)

4. The Internet = Network of Devices
Networks of Computers (Computer Networks)
Topologies:
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5. Local area network (LAN) = Network of computers located close together
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6. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Wide area networks (WANs) = Networks of computers connected over greater distances
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7. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)

8. The Internet = Network of Devices
Architectures:
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9. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Network OSI Model
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10. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Internet Protocols
Protocol: collection of network data rules
Includes transmission rules
Computers must use same protocol
ARPANET: Network Control Protocol (NCP)
Proprietary architecture (closed architecture)
Manufacturer creates own protocol
Open architecture (Internet core)
Uses common protocol
Four key message-handling rules
Contributed to the Internet’s success
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11. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
TCP/IP
Refers to the two pervasive protocols used today
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Controls message or file disassembly into packets before Internet transmission
Controls packet reassembly into original formats at destinations
Internet Protocol (IP)
Specifies addressing details for each packet
Labels packet with origination and destination addresses
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12. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
IP Addressing
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
Used since 1981
IP address
32-bit number identifying computers/devices
Base 2 (binary) number system
Computers use for internal calculations
Digit: 0 or a 1 (on or off condition)
Four billion different addresses (232 = 4,294,967,296)
Router breaks message into packets
Contains source and destination IP address
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13. IP Addressing (cont’d.)
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Replaces IPv4
Addresses predicted to be exhausted in 2015
IPv4 and IPv6 not directly compatible
IPv6 major advantages
Uses 128-bit number for addresses
Number of available addresses: 34 followed by 37 zeros
More complex notation system
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14. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Some Other Protocols
UDP (alternative of TCP for Transport Layer) is fast and can be used if there is a lot of data and you don’t mind losing a few bits
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Post Office Protocol (POP) for s
FTP is a file transfer standard
TELNET provides a non-secure way to login to a remote computer
SSH can be thought of as a “secure telnet”
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15. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Some Other Protocols
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16. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Connection via public networks and protocols
Uses IP tunneling (encapsulation) system
Private passageway through public Internet
Secure transmission
Encapsulation
Encrypts packet content; places inside another packet
IP wrapper: outer packet
VPN software installed on both computers
“Virtual” since connection seems permanent
Actually a temporary connection

17. Virtual Private Network (VPN)

18. Intranets and Extranets
An Internet within the boundaries of the organization
Interconnected private networks
Extranet
An Internet that extends beyond the organization and incorporates networks of outside entities
Technologies (public networks, private networks, or VPNs)
Independent of organizational boundaries

19. Client-Server Architectures
A “client” makes a request to a “server”
The server’s response may be
Compliance with the request
An error message indicating a problem
Example
A user’s browser requests a web page for display from a particular web site
The web server at that site sends the web page or an error message (like a page-not-found error)
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20. Client-Server Architectures
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21. Web Servers and Web Browsers
The term “server” may refer to a program or the machine it runs on
Current popular servers are Apache and Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS)
Every browser is a program that can act as the client in a client-server relationship
Current popular browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera
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22. Web Servers and Web Browsers
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23. A Communication Protocol: HTTP for Web Browser and Server
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24. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Web Addresses
Every device connected to the Internet must have a unique IP address:
IPv4 is 32 bits: a.b.c.d with a, b, c, d in
IPv6 is 128 bits, allowing for many more addresses
Computers understand IP addresses much better than humans, who prefer FQDNs
FQDN = Fully Qualified Domain Name
FQDN cs.smu.ca has IP address
A Domain Name Server (DNS) translates between an IP address and the corresponding FQDN
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25. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
URLs, URNs and URIs
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the actual location of a resource on the web
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) has the same form as a URL but may not refer to an actual resource
The term Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a generalization of the above two terms and may refer to either one
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26. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)

27. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
The Deep Web
Non-permanent Web pages can be created based on customized response to user’s search
Example: search for “online business” book on Amazon.com
Deep Web: information that is stored in databases and is accessible to users through Web interfaces
Potentially trillions of Web pages available using deep Web
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28. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
Semantic Web
Goal: blending technologies and information into a next-generation Web
Web pages tagged (using XML) with meanings
Uses software agents (intelligent programs)
Read XML tags, determine meaning of words in their contexts
Resource description framework (RDF)
Set of XML syntax standards
Development of Semantic Web will take many years
Start with ontologies for specific subjects
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29. E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)
References
searchcio.techtarget.com
tutorialspoint.com
Wikipedia
"Developing Distributed and E-commerce Applications", Darrel Ince, 2nd Edition, Pearson Addison Wesley
“Web Programming and Internet Technologies: An E-commerce Approach”, Porter Scobey, Pawan Lingras, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2013
“Electronic Commerce”, 11th Edition, Cengage Learning, Gary Schneider, 2015
E-business (constructed by Dr. Hanh Pham)