1. A new perspective on global carbon emission inequality: insights from a global interpersonal carbon Gini-index
Presented By: Tianpeng Wang
Institute of Energy Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University
emission——emissions

2. Introduction
Global emissions inequality is a debate related to abatement responsibility
Emissions inequality research mainly falls into two categories
Emissions inequality across countries: Developed vs Developing
Emissions inequality across persons: Rich vs Poor
Global interpersonal emissions inequality
Consider emissions inequality both from across countries view and across persons view
背景部分：主要通过估计人际排放分布（为什么用人际），根据人际分布计算基尼系数
Global Interpersonal Carbon Inequality

3. Introduction Traditional methods to measure carbon inequality
emission
population
Traditional methods to measure carbon inequality
Carbon Lorenz curve and carbon Gini-index
Atkinson Index
Theil’s entropy measure
…….
Concepts related to emission
Production based emissions vs Consumption based emissions
Influence of transferred emissions on global interpersonal emissions status
Main focus in our study: emissions from household consumption and total emissions

4. Methods Figure 1. Summary of the methodology process
Fit income distribution curve of various countries
Build the relationship between income and emission based on literature and some assumptions
Construct different countries’ emissions distribution curve combined with emissions data
Aggregate emission distribution curves of all the countries
Construct the global Lorenz curve and calculate the global carbon Gini-index

5. Methods: Fit income distribution curve of various countries
2-gamma fitting method
Lognormal fitting method
Data needed:
Income distribution data
GDP per capital data
Income Gini-index of different countries
Data source: World Development Indicator (WDI)
World Income Inequality database (WIID)

6. Electricity consumption
Methods: Build the relationship between income and emissions based on literature and some assumptions
Country
Variable 1
Variable 2
Year
Elasticities
Australia
Income
Household CO2 emission
0.55
Energy consumption
0.59
Expenditures
0.7
0.74
0.78
Brazil
1.0
Denmark
1995
0.48
0.51
0.86
India
2004
1.008
Japan
1999
0.64
Netherland
1990
0.63
0.83
New Zealand
1980
0.4
Norway
1973
0.72
Spain
2000
United States
0.85
South Africa
Electricity consumption
0.32
China
2002
0.84
United Kingdom
0.432
Philippines
2000&2006
0.8
Finland
GHG emission
2006
0.6
Classification
Elasticities
Developed countries
Developing countries
LDC
Production based emission data: EDGAR database and CAIT database.
Emission from household consumption: multi-regional input output model (MRIO) based on the GTAP9 database in year and 2011.

7. Methods: Construct different countries’ emission distribution and global Lorenz curve
Figure 2. Emission distribution curve and global carbon Lorenz curve

8. Results: Global interpersonal Gini-index trend (production based emission)
Figure 3. Variance trend of global interpersonal carbon Gini-index

9. Results: Global CO2 emission distribution curve and emissions migration

10. Results: Comparison of production based and residential consumption based global emission inequality
Figure 4. The proportion of emission from residential consumption in total consumption based emission
Table 2. the comparsion of global interpersonal carbon Gini-index
Year
2004
2007
2011
Gini-index of production based emission (interpersonal)
0.618
0.607
0.590
Gini-index of residential consumption based emission (interpersonal)
0.674
0.659
0.630
Gini-index of production based emission (inter-country)
0.546
0.525
0.501
Gini-index of residential consumption based emission (inter-country)
0.620
0.600
0.564

11. Figure 5. The proportion of emission respectively from fossil fuel use and household consumption by different income group in total emissions, 2011
production consumption production consumption production consumption

12. Results: Sensitivity analysis of income elasticities
Figure 5. Influence of unit alteration from different income elasticities on Gini-index based on emission from total fossil fuel consumption and household consumption caused emission

13. Discussion and Limits
The value of carbon Gini-index came down from 0.67 in 1980 to 0.59 in 2014
Decline of emission inequality at global scale
Mainly because of the narrowing between-groups emission gap
The global carbon inequality status is still very severe with Gini-index is around 0.6 in recent years especially from household consumption view.
Provides a theoretical basis for the abatement responsibility assignment on inter- personal level rather than on national level across countries
Main limits of this research: the rough assumption of relationship between emission and income.

14. Thank You