1. Decision Support System Development
By Daniel Damaris NS

2. Learning Objectives DSS user interface design and management.
Understand the concepts of systems development.
Learn PADI, the phases of SDLC.
Describe prototyping.
Understand which factors lead to DSS success or failure.
Learn the importance of project management.
Describe the three technology levels of DSS.
Understand the learning process involved in DSS development.
DSS hardware, software, and technology Levels.
Decision support system construction methods

3. The Traditional SDLC
A structured approach for managing the development of information systems.
Four phases (PADI)
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Cyclical
Can return to other phases

4. DSS Project Management
Establish a time plan
Define scope of project and expected outcomes
Get support from senior management
Identify milestones and budgets based on realistic goals
Involve users (internal and external)
Document everything (all steps)

5. Skill for Project Management
Technology and business knowledge
Judgment
Negotiation
Good communication
Organization

6. Successful Project Management
Establish a baseline
Define scope of project
Manage change and scope creep
Get support from upper management
Establish timelines, milestones, and budgets based on realistic goals
Involve users
Document everything

7. Project Failure Lack of stakeholder involvement
Incomplete requirements
Scope creep
Unrealistic expectations
Project champion leaves
Lack of skill or expertise
Inadequate human resources
New technologies

8. Evolutionary Disruptors
Development environment  Organizational cultural factors  Loss of top management support  User and analyst attitude  User experience  Development team capability
Development process  User education, support, involvement, training

9. Alternative Development Methodologies
Rapid Application Development
Prototyping
Rapid development of portions of projects for user input and modification
Small working model or may become functional part of final system
Throwaway prototyping
Pilot test or simple development platforms

10. Prototyping
Performing analysis, design, and implementation phases concurrently, and repeatedly
Users see system functionality quickly and provide feedback
Decision maker learns about problem
Problems are semi structured or unstructured
Managers and developers may not completely understand problem

11. Prototyping Development Process

12. Throwaway Prototype Development
Analysis phase is through
Design prototypes assist in understanding the system

13. DSS Prototyping
Short steps 1. Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Prototype
Immediate stakeholder feedback
Iterative 1. In development of prototype 2. Within the system in general 3. Evaluation integral part

14. DSS Prototyping (cont.)
Advantages
Disadvantages
User and management involvement in every phase and iteration
Learning explicitly integrated and part of the design
Short intervals between iterations
Improved user understanding of system
Changing requirements
Poorly tested
Security is an issue
High uncertainty
Reduction in quality
Higher costs due to multiple productions

15. Change Management Crucial to DSS People resistant to change
Examine cause of change
May require organizational culture shift
Lewin-Schein change theory: three steps
Unfreeze
Create awareness of need for change
People support what they help create
Move
Develop new methods, attitudes and behaviors
Create and maintain momentum
Refreeze
Reinforce desired changes
Establish stable environment

16. DSS Technology Levels DSS primary tools  Fundamental elements
Programming languages, graphics, editors, query systems
DSS generator (engine)  Integrated software package for building specific DSS
Modeling, report generation, graphics, risk analysis
Specific DSS  DSS application that accomplishes the work
DSS primary tools are used to construct integrated tools that are used to construct specific tools

17. DSS Technology Tools

18. DSS Tool Development Selection
Hardware
PCs to multiprocessor mainframes
Software
Involves multiple criteria (when selecting software)
Off the shelf software rapidly updated; many on market
Price changes are frequent
The desirability of staying with a few vendors
Technical, functional, end-user, and managerial issues are all considered

19. DSS Developing Team
The systems are constructed by a team composed of users, DSS developers, technical support experts, and IS personnel.
Developing a DSS with a team is a complex, lengthy, costly process.
Since early 2000s, tools and generators have improved, smaller teams can handle complex DSS development.

20. Thank You !