1. The Roman Empire
750 B.C A.D.

2. Geography
Peninsula, mountains to north, sea provided for transportation, climate good for crops, Tiber River

3. Etruscans Take Over Rome
616 BC
Built Rome’s first city walls and sewer
Introduced building techniques such as arch
Introduced alphabet and number system
Introduced gladiator games and chariot races
Influenced styles of sculpture and painting
Latins had been in charge; rush through or skip this

4. Rome Becomes a Republic
Etruscans expelled 509 BC
Rome became a Republic
Elected officials governed
Study graphic on p. 166

5. The Roman Forum

6. The Roman Forum

7. The Power of the Republic Grows
Builds a strong military
All male property owners between 17 and 46 required to fight during wars
Conquered the rest of Italy by 265 BC
Conquered Carthage in North Africa to become the leading Mediterranean power
Allies with Greece to defeat Macedonia and Persia, then conquers Greece itself
Influenced by Greek culture and religion

8. Rome Becomes an Empire Social unrest leads to revolts
Military commanders emerge as political leaders, engage in civil war
Julius Caesar, great military commander, becomes dictator in 44 BC
Ends republic
Murdered in 43 BC

9. Roman Empire 44 BC

10. Roman Empire at its Height

11. Battles for Power
After Julius Caesar’s death, civil wars abound as leaders struggle for power
Marc Antony and Cleopatra
Octavian, a.k.a. Augustus, ruled from 27 BC to AD 14
His reign was the beginning of 200 years of relative peace and prosperity, known as the Pax Romana

12. Pax Romana Factors bringing unity to the empire
Stable government and legal system throughout empire
50,000 miles of roads built
Trade flourishes

13. Roman Society and Culture
Religion
Many gods accepted
Greek gods were most popular
Education
Rich males educated in their homes by tutors
Entertainment
Theater, chariot races, and gladiators
Health
People gathered at public baths

14. A Public Bath
It was very cheap to use a Roman bath. A visitor, after paying his entrance fee, would strip naked and hand his clothes to an attendant. He could then do some exercising to work up a sweat before moving into the tepidarium which would prepare him for the caldarium which was more or less like a modern sauna. The idea, as with a sauna, was for the sweat to get rid of the body's dirt. After this a slave would rub olive oil into the visitor's skin and then scrap it off with a strigil. The more luxurious establishments would have professional masseurs to do this. After this, the visitor would return to the tepidarium and then to frigidarium to cool down. Finally, he could use the main pool for a swim or to generally socialise. Bathing was very important to the Ancient Romans as it served many functions.

19. Show vid clip from World History Playlist

20. The Rise of Christianity
Background
Judea is conquered by Rome in 63 BC

21. Background Jews refuse to accept Roman religion
Romans allow Jews to practice their religion as long as they pay tribute and maintain order
Some revolt, others wait patiently for the promised Messiah, who was to re-establish the kingdom of Israel

22. Jesus of Nazareth

23. Jesus of Nazareth
At around the age of 30, gained a large following through his preaching and performing of miracles
Preached a message of humility, mercy, love, and dependence on God
Instructed people to repent and to become a part of God’s kingdom

24. Jesus of Nazareth
Many thought he was the promised Messiah, or “King of the Jews”
Leaders, both Jewish and Roman, felt threatened by him
Executed by crucifixion

26. The Main Event
Many of Jesus’ followers claimed to have seen him alive after he was crucified and buried
This was proof that he was the promised Messiah
Followers claimed that he had established the Kingdom of God instead of a physical kingdom

27. Christianity Spreads
Apostles spread the word that Jesus is the promised Messiah
Small, close-knit communities develop

28. Acts 2:42-47
They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer. Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. All the believers were together and had everything in common. Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need. Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.

29. Paul Jewish leader who persecuted Christians
Claims to have encountered Jesus on the road to Damascus
Became a Christian apostle
Took the Christian message to non-Jewish people

30. Persecution
Jews offended at the idea of Jesus as Messiah and wish to prevent its spread
Romans offended that Christians refuse to pay tribute or homage to the emperor
Martyrs: people who die for their faith and thus inspire others to believe

31. Roman Acceptance
In AD 313 Emperor Constantine becomes a Christian and makes Christianity legal in the empire

32. The Message of Christianity
On going to heaven
John 3:16
Ephesians 2:8-10
On repentance
“Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come:[a] The old has gone, the new is here! 18 All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: 19 that God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting people’s sins against them.”
(2 Corinthians 5: 17-19)
On material possessions and money
Matthew 6:19-34
1 Timothy 6:6-10

33. The Fall of the Empire Weak leadership Economic problems
Attila the Hun
Barbarian Germanic tribes
476: last emperor in Western Empire overthrown
Have students study map in 6.5