1. THEMIS and Space Weather
Major Points for Discussion:
Results from all of the THEMIS science objectives will contribute to
advances in space weather specification and forecasting.
Onset and evolution of substorm instability
Radiation belts and storm-time MeV electrons
Solar wind – magnetosphere coupling
Are there opportunities to utilize THEMIS in a testbed environment
at SEC to aid forecasters? If yes, needs to be valuable to
forecasters and SEC will need to find resources.
NOAA forecasts and information on space environment conditions
may be useful for THEMIS operations.
NOAA observations from GOES and POES can play a key
complementary role in supporting THEMIS science.
Donovan
Launch October 2006
Orbit periods: 1, 2, and 4 days
Complementing THEMIS science with GOES and POES

2. GOES Space Environment Data For THEMIS Science
GOES normally located at 75o and 135o west
geographic longitude
In addition to solar observations, in-situ
Space Environment Monitor instruments
include:
- Magnetometer – 0.5 s sample rate
- Energetic electron, proton, and alpha
particle fluxes: e (3 channels): 0.6 to >4.0
MeV, p (11 channels): 0.8 to >700 MeV, a (8
channels): 4 to >3400 MeV
GOES N (new series) launch ‘06, but
may be in storage until ‘08; includes lower
energy electron (30 keV) and proton
(80 keV) bands, and more look directions
Figure courtesy E. Donovan
GOES locations are excellent for studying the inner- magnetosphere response to events observed by THEMIS and ground-based observatories.

3. Locations of Ground Stations and the GOES Field-line Intercept
Good ground-based coverage will foster conjugate studies with GOES.

4. NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites
(POES)
Operating Parameters
Polar orbit at 850 km altitude (90 minute orbital period)
AM and PM orbits to provide complete coverage
Operational Satellites
NOAA14 (marginal SEM, marginal SBUV)
NOAA15 (working SEM, no SBUV)
NOAA16 (working SEM, working SBUV)
NOAA17 (working SEM, working SBUV)
Future NOAA POES Satellites
NOAA-N (Feb 2005)
NOAA-N’ (2008, depends on repair plan)
Future (NPOESS)
Collaboration with DOD and NASA
Collaboration with Europeans (METOP)
Replaces POES, DMSP
First NPOESS launch around 2012?
Collaborative Polar Satellites
METOP-1 (2006) European Collaboration
METOP-2 (2010) European Collaboration
POES SEM: Measurements of energetic particle energy deposition in upper atmosphere and solar irradiance to provide data of practical benefit to commercial and government activities and for extensive research.

5. POES Space Environment Monitor 2 (SEM 2)
Total Energy Detector (TED)
- electrons and ions 50 eV – 20 keV; zenith and 30 deg to zenith
- 4 energy bands telemetered, selected from 16, at a low duty cycle
- 2 s data rate
- Flux in energy band containing max flux together with energy
band number
- Integrated (50 eV to 20 keV) directional energy flux, electrons and
ions at each of the two viewing directions
Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED)
- electrons: 30 keV – 2.5 MeV; zenith and 90 deg to zenith;
3 energy channels
- ions: 30 keV – 6.9 MeV; zenith and 90 deg to zenith; 6 energy channels - omni-directional detector, nearly one hemisphere, protons 16 MeV - >140 MeV; 4 energy channels
- 2 s data rate except for two highest energy omni-directional channels

6. Surveying Data with Combined Magnetometer and Particle Data: An Example
Substorm growth and expansion phase observed at GOES and LANL geosynchronous spacecraft.
LANL SOPA Energetic Particles
p: 50 – 400 keV
e: 50 – 315 keV
GOES 10 and 12
Magnetic Field Inclination
Survey plots combining magnetometer and particle data aid in the selection and understanding of events.
Figure courtesy LANL and Mike Henderson