1. Information Technology - Information Networks
Cognitive Radio Network Security Status and Challenges
Dr. Eng. Sattar B. Sadkhan Ameer Sameer Hamood
University of Babylon - Iraq
Information Technology - Information Networks

2. ﴿ بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴾ فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ وَلَا تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْآنِ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يُقْضَى إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ وَقُل رَّبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا ( In the Name of Allah, the Merciful, the Most Merciful ) Highly exalted be Allah, the true King! Do not hasten with the Koran before its revelation has been completed to you, but say: 'Lord, increase me in knowledge.

3. Overview ABSTRACT AIM OF RESEARCHERs AND THEIR SIMULATION TOOLS
SECURITY SCHEMEs IN CRNs
LAYERED AND CROSS-LAYERS ATTACKS AGAINST CRNS
MAIN CHALLENGES IN SECURITY MODELS
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

4. Cognitive Radio & Cognitive Network
Cognitive radio offers the promise of intelligent radios that can learn and adapt to their environment. It has two important characteristics namely, observation and adaptability. It exploits unused licensed radio frequencies, often designated as spectrum holes or white spaces , see (Figure 1 ).
Fig 1:spectrum holes.

5. ABSTRACT
One of the important trends which is supposed to have more attention in the system of cognitive radio is wireless security models. Security requirements for CRNs are the same as the general wireless networks, taking into consideration that the frequency band changes dynamically adding a specific feature when we deal with security of CRNs. A new category of security issues and challenges have been introduced in the cognitive radio systems, and providing security models to realize good and reasonable protection must be one of the main researchers interest.

6. AIM OF RESEARCHERs AND THEIR SIMULATION TOOLS
Aim of the work
Simulation tool
Solve existing and predict new attacks to provide secure and reliable system
MONTE CARLO
and
MATLAB
Measure how can attacks influence on CRNs performance, detect PUE and new cross-layer attack
NS-2
Reduce attacks and protect the communication in core wire networks and wireless CRNs
Study the impact of CRNs threat in CWSNs, develop security strategies against PUE , eavesdropping attacks.
Study the impact of CR technology on military applications, analyze intelligent jamming and anti-jamming between CRs
OMNEST , OPNET,
NS-3 and QUALNET
TABLE 1: AIM OF RESEARCHERs AND THEIR SIMULATION TOOLS

7. SECURITY SCHEMEs IN CRNs
Fig 2: CRNs SECURITY SCHEME BLOCK DIAGRAM

8. LAYERED AND CROSS-LAYERS ATTACKS AGAINST CRNS
Targeted layer
Common
countermeasure
PUE Attack
Physical Layer
Cryptographic Authentication
OFA Attack
Prior identification the threshold value,
Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
Jamming Attack
Determine and keep track the location identification of the primary user’s, Frequency hopping spread spectrum Technique
Eavesdropping Attack
Encryption Techniques
Primary Users’ Location Attack
changing the density of signals irregularly
LA Attack
Control Environment especially during learning phase, Constant Reevaluation
Byzantine Attack
Data Link Layer
Misbehavior Detection System (MDS) , Cooperative neighboring cognitive radio nodes (COOPON) ,
trust and reputation metrics
CCSD Attack
Trust as Detection Mechanism
SCN Attack
objective Function Attack (OFA)
Learning Attack (LA) Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification
(Byzantine attack)
Control Channel Saturation DoS Attack (CCSD)
Selfish Channel Negotiation (SCN)
TABLE 2: LAYERED AND CROSS-LAYERS ATTACK WITH THEIR COMMON COUNTERMEASURE.

9. Con.. Attack Targeted layer Common countermeasure Sinkhole Attack
Network Layer
Symmetric Key based algorithm
Hello Attack
Geographic routing protocols
Sybil Attack
identity validation
Ripple effect Attack
checked and validated necessary information
Key Depletion Attack
Transport Layer
Security Protocols
Jelly fish Attack
not complicated algorithm like direct trust-based detection (DTD)
Lion attack
Cross-Layers
Single Layer Monitoring & Trust Calculation (SLMTC) ,Trust Fusion, Abnormal Detection
Lure Attack
TABLE 2: LAYERED AND CROSS-LAYERS ATTACK WITH THEIR COMMON COUNTERMEASURE.

10. MAIN CHALLENGES IN SECURITY MODELS
Main challenges in these models are :
power consumption, less complexity .
Reliable spectrum sensing .
Reliability module CR communications .
Optimal allocation of radio resources .

11. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Threats against CR environments divided into Wireless nature Threats (jamming, spoofing, DoS, etc.) and Cognitive nature Threats (PUE, Ripple effect, Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification, etc.).They are different Security Models reviewed in previous work as separately models or as compound models on several levels of security within Encryption and Modulation techniques to mitigate different types of attacks and make reliable communications in CRNs. Build hybrid security scheme fast and flexible furthermore non-vulnerable to attack for example compound scheme combines between more secure encryption algorithm like Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) further enhance resistance to large number of layered attacks like Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) proposed in future work.

12. REFERENCES
Hamood, Ameer Sameer, and Sattar B. Sadkhan. "Cognitive radio network security status and challenges." New Trends in Information & Communications Technology Applications (NTICT), 2017 Annual Conference on. IEEE, Hamood, A. S., & Sadkhan, S. B. (2017, March). Cognitive radio network security status and challenges. In New Trends in Information & Communications Technology Applications (NTICT), 2017 Annual Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Hamood, Ameer Sameer, and Sattar B. Sadkhan. "Cognitive radio network security status and challenges." In New Trends in Information & Communications Technology Applications (NTICT), 2017 Annual Conference on, pp IEEE, Hamood, A.S. and Sadkhan, S.B., 2017, March. Cognitive radio network security status and challenges. In New Trends in Information & Communications Technology Applications (NTICT), 2017 Annual Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Hamood AS, Sadkhan SB. Cognitive radio network security status and challenges. InNew Trends in Information & Communications Technology Applications (NTICT), 2017 Annual Conference on 2017 Mar 7 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

13. Thank You