1. Chapter 9 The Media

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7. The Media and Politics Freedom of the Press
The United States versus Europe
Freedom of Information Act
Newspapers
Radio and Television
Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
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8. Journalism in American Political History I:A-H
The Party Press
The Popular Press
Magazines of Opinion
Electronic Journalism
The Internet
Bettmann/Corbis
Before television and the Internet, news came by radio, as here in p. 292
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9. Journalism in American political history I:A:1
The Party Press
The Popular Press
Magazines of opinion
Electronic Journalism
The Internet

11. Summation Print media – newspaper, magazine, etc.
Oldest, being steadily replaced
Electronic Media – radio, TV
TV now is the primary source of news
Internet – instant information, any time
Replacing print and electronic media
Blogs (short for Web Log)
527’s – groups that independently raise money and campaign for and against candidates

12. Powerlineblog.com. Reprinted with permission.
Blogs, both conservative and liberal, have become an important form of political advertising. p. 289
As appeared on Reprinted with permission.
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13. The Structure of the Media II:A-B
Degree of Competition
The National Media
Gatekeeper
Scorekeeper
Watchdog
Replace with jpeg, p. 294
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14. Libel v Slander Both are forms of defamation.
Slander: remark that is heard by another, which injures the subject’s reputation or character.
Libel: Same as slander, but when it is placed in publication (including radio, audio, or video).
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15. Structure of the Media II:A-B
Degree of competition
Newspapers
Radio and TV
National Media
Consists of many parts
Significance
Roles played by national press

16. Agenda Setting
Policy Agenda: Set of issues, problems, or subjects that gets the attention of/is viewed as important by people involved in policymaking.
The media raises awareness or provides information to public to mobilize action or get the attention of policymakers.
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17. Rules Governing the Media III:A-C
Newspapers – least governmental regulation
Radio and TV – most governmental regulation
Confidentiality of Sources
Regulating Broadcasting
Campaigning
Bebeto Matthews/AP Photo
Activists urge Congress to pass a law shielding reporters from being required to testify about their sources. p. 296
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19. The FCC Federal Communications Commission
Controls the media, no one may operate radio or TV stations without their license
Who are they? – 5 members (no more than 3 from the same political party) nominated by US President for 5 years.

20. Other Regulations
Equal-time rule: If a station sells time to one candidate for office, it must be willing to sell equal time to opposing candidates.
Right-of-reply rule: If a person is attacked on a broadcast, that person has the right to reply over that same station.
Political-editorializing rule: If a broadcaster endorses a candidate, the opposing candidate has a right to reply
Fairness doctrine: requires broadcasters to give time to opposing views if they broadcast a program giving one side of a controversial issue. (practiced by choice)

21. Media Conglomerates
WHO OWNS THE NEWS???
WHO OWNS INFORMATION?

22. Media Conglomerates
Gannet owns USA Today and controls the biggest circulation in the nation + owns 100 additional papers
Rupert Murdoch owns 124 radio stations, New York Post, Weekly Standard, and FOX News. In 2008 he acquired the Wall Street Journal.

23. Case Study - Viacom Media Conglomerate – Viacom CBS News MTV VH1 BET
Blockbuster
Paramount Pictures
Nickelodeon
DreamWorks
Showtime

24. FCC “Friends”
Many push the freedom of speech & FCC must monitor their activities
Howard Stern
“Man Cow”
Eminem

25. Telecommunications Act of 1996
Relaxed limitations on media ownership
Own up to 35% of television market
Own unlimited % of radio
Remember Andrew Carnegie and Horizontal Integration???

26. Are the National Media Biased? IV:A-C
A liberal majority
Neutral and objective?
Routine stories
Feature stories
Insider stories
Media’s influence
Selective attention
Hillaryclinton.com
Spanish-speaking voters have become so important that candidates, such as Hillary Clinton, run Spanish web sites. p. 299
Mental tune-out: citizen simply ignores or gets irritated by messages that are not in accord with existing beliefs

27. Figure 12.2 Public Perception of Accuracy in the Media
Replace with jpeg, p. 302
Source: Pew Research Center, “The People and the Press” (August 2007).
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28. Government and the News V:A-E
Prominence of the president
Coverage of Congress
Why do we have so many news leaks?
Sensationalism in the Media
Government constraints on journalists
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34. p. 303
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35. Brown Brothers
When President Theodore Roosevelt cultivated the media, reporters usually were unknown and poorly paid. p. 304
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36. In 1933, White House press conferences were informal affairs, as when reporters gathered around Franklin Roosevelt’s desk in the Oval Office.
Bettmann/Corbis
Today, there are huge gatherings held in a special conference room, as on the right. p. 305
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JASON REED/Reuters/Landov

37. ©1991 Dana Fradon/The New Yorker Collection from cartoonbank. com
©1991 Dana Fradon/The New Yorker Collection from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved.
p. 306
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