1. The GAC in Projects Agenda: An Overview
Improving Development Outcomes

2. The GAC in Projects Agenda:
Themes, Principles, and “Emerging Good Practices”
From Country to Sector to Project
Roles and Responsibilities
Where to go for help

3. GAC Agenda: Key Themes
Governance and Corruption are not the same thing!
Governance is about how a country manages its resources for development
Good governance is associated with faster growth and more pro-poor development outcomes
Poor governance has the opposite effects, and provides greater scope for corruption to occur
Corruption is an outcome – a consequence – of poor governance
Both poor governance and corruption reduce development effectiveness

4. What’s different from “Pre-GAC”?
Naming the problem (and talking about it with our clients)
Digging Deeper (what’s really behind poor governance?)
Applying the “TAP” Principles

5. The Three Key Principles of Good Governance:
Transparency– of processes, and of information in the public domain
Accountability – internal in terms of the proper use of public resources; external in terms of responsiveness to clients
Participation – in terms of “voice”, inputs to project design, and oversight of implementation (the “demand” for good governance)

6. If I ignore it, will it go away?
Who cares?
Why do they care?
What are the implications for the Bank?
“Invading Armies can be resisted, but NOT an idea whose time has come.”

7. The Starting Point: GAC at the Country Level
The CGAC Approach:
“Work from the bottom up”
Engage the whole team
Identify the GAC impediments to development and potential entry points
Incorporate in the Country Assistance Strategy

8. GAC Agenda at Country Level
Public Financial Management Reforms
Budget and fiscal management reform – including enhanced parliamentary oversight
Reform of procurement, financial management, public sector accounting and auditing
Civil Service Reform
Legal and Judicial Reform
“Voice for the People” (w/Gov’t approval)
Establishment of Anti-Corruption Agencies

9. From Country Level to the Sector and Project Levels
TAP Principles at the country level: “Right to Information”; “Rule of Law”; “Social Accountability”
Does this stuff “trickle down”? Not automatically, but it can be helpful
Country conditions set the stage for work on GAC issues at the sector and project level
Country Team has key role to play in cross-sector coordination and knowledge sharing about both GAC issues in the country and “what works” in mitigation

10. The GAC Agenda at the Sector and Project Level
Focus on GAC Risks at the sector level, using “value chain analysis” to identify key points of vulnerability
Drill down, using political economy analysis to understand the underlying resistance to reform
Develop plans for improving governance and reducing corruption at the sector level (including communications strategy and TAP-related tools and approaches)
Reflect (as appropriate) in project design (“Smart Project Design” and Anti-Corruption Action Plans)

11. “Emerging Good Practices”
Rely on existing Bank processes: There are no new policies, procedures, or standards!
Innovative new approaches are emerging in risk assessment, risk mitigation and project supervision
ORAF involves a more comprehensive framework for assessing GAC risks to development effectiveness
Risk mitigation innovations include a focus on both “supply side” and “demand side” tools and approaches

12. Roles and Responsibilities
GAC in Projects Working Group
OPCS: Procurement/FM/IL Reform
Network Anchors/Sector Units
Country Managers/Country Teams
Social Development: DFGG Community of Practice
EXT/Comm-GAP
PREM (PSM)/WBI (several units)
INT: Preventive Services Unit

13. Where to go for Help? See previous slide…
Web Sites – see list in Course Manual
Advisory Units (e.g., INF’s GAC Squad)
INT’s Preventive Services Unit
GAC in Projects Peer Learning Network
GAC in Project Web Portal

14. GAC in Projects Web Portal: Searchable Database