1. Rabies virus

2. Shape: bullet
Genome: -ssRNA
enveloped virus
CPE: Negri body
shape

4. Structure of Rabies Virus

5. 抵抗力不强，60C 30min或100C 2min可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。

6. Reservoir Urban forms: Dogs and cats
Sylvatic forms: Bats, foxes, raccoons, wolves, skunks, coyotes, mongooses, and biting animals

7. Transmission
By bite or scratch
Via saliva
Airborne ( bats)

8. BAT
armadillo

9. Cat
fox
dog
raccoon

10. Rabies or hydrophobia Hydrophobia恐水 Hypersalivation多涎
Fever
Dysphagia咽下困难
Altered mental status
Excitement, agitation
Paralysis麻痹
Hydrophobia恐水
Hypersalivation多涎
Nausea, vomiting恶心;作呕
Headache
malaise不适

13. Laboratory diagnosis
Diseased dog: viral antigen and Negri body in brain tissue.
Patient: IF assay, PCR.

14. Prevention and treatment

15. Prevention and treatment
Bite Geographical area, type of animal, severity and site of bite.
Animal
Live - observe in cage: If survives > 8 days, then NOT rabies. Dead - brain
- Negri bodies - IFA - virus isolation

16. Prevention and treatment
Man Live - difficult diagnosis - clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal impression (antibodies only appear very late) Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort "Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain cells;immunofluorescence virus isolation .

17. Human papillomavirus (HPV)

18. Biological properties
naked dsDNA virus with 9 ORF
belongs to Papovaviridae
more than 60 types
artificial cultivation un-successful.

19. Transmission
contact infection
sexual infection
congenital infection.

20. Pathogenesis
Host-specific
Tissue-specific.

21. Cervical cancer and other cancers:
Disease
Cutaneous warts
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Mucosal HPV infections
Cervical cancer and other cancers:
A significant proportion of cancers is associated with HPV infection: 11% of all cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in men.

22. LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

23. Laboratory diagnosis
- Cytology - Histology - Colposcopy in the case of genital HPV infections. - Electron microscopy.
- Immunocytochemistry can detect major capsid protein but are generally group specific not type specific - DNA detection techniques. This is the only way to type HPVs.PCR

24. PARVOVIRUSES
Human parvovirus B19

25. DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES
Are small, naked viruses with icosahedral nucleocapsids.
Contain single-stranded DNA and replicate in the nucleus.
Include human parvovirus (B19) and adenoassociated virus, a defective virus of the dependovirus genus that requires adenovirus to replicate.
Human pathogen, B19, has tropism for red blood cell progenitors

26. shape

27. Human diseases associated with B19 parvovirus
Syndrome
Host or condition
Clinical features
Fifth diseases
Children
Adilts
Cutaneous rash
Arthralgia-arthrtis
Transient aplastic crisis
Underlying hemolysis
Severe acute anemia
Pure red cell aplasia
Immunodeficiencies
Chronic anemia
Hydrops fetails
Fetus
Fatal anemia

28. Fifth Disease

29. EPIDEMIOLOGY These organisms are widely distributed in nature.
Enters the body through:
The respiratory tract
Blood transfusions
Vertically from mother.

30. Laboratory DIAGNOSIS
Laboratory diagnosis of acute parvo B19 is based on the presence of IgM antibodies. The virus cannot be cultivated in routine cell culture lines, but direct detection of the viral DNA may be achieved by PCR.

31. DIAGNOSIS

32. Prevention and Treatment
Immunological: no vaccines are available
Treatment: Commercial immunoglobulin preparations contain parvo B19 antibodies can successfully eliminate the infection in immunocompromised patients