1. R&D of neutrino beam production for future (Multi-)MW proton facility:
Superconducting Magnet Safety System (MSS)
Jean-Paul CHARRIER CEA SACLAY – DSM / DAPNIA / SIS
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

2. 2. Specification, Realization
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

3. T2K MSS : Coil = Magnet Power supply = Current generator Coil Magnet i
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

4. T2K MSS : Needs increase Superconducting magnets Higher magnetic field
Some Tesla
Field proportional to current
Higher current
Some kA
Joule heating
Conductor heating
+ energy use
Heat removal
Coil size
+ cost
Not compatible with experiments size
Superconducting magnets
T = 1.8 to 4 K
R = 0  no conductor heating … … if all goes well
(except junctions : n)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

5. T2K MSS : Superconducting state : conditions
Critical current
Critical temperature
Critical magnetic field
T < Tc
i < ic
H < Hc
NbTi Nb3Sn
Superconducting state
R = 0
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

6. T2K MSS : Transition of a superconductor
Transition from the superconducting to the resistive (or normal) state or
quench
R  0
Joule heating,
local, then global (if propagation)
Conductor and magnet destruction
Unusable experiment
Repair sometimes impossible
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

7. T2K MSS : Objective of the MSS
Detection
and
Security actions
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

8. T2K MSS : Example of electrical circuit
Dump resistor
Switch
Cryostat
T2K: 20 mΩ i
300 K
4.5 K
Power supply
T2K: 30V / 8 000A (DC)
Items to protect:
Current lead
Magnet
Superconducting bus
(or bus bar)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

9. T2K MSS : Discharge of a coil into a resistor
iPS = 0 L r i
vRd Rd PS
Beginning of the discharge:
Example: 8 T Magnet (test magnet for Neurospin) i = 885 A
L = 44 H
E ~ 17.2 MJ
(CMS : E ~ 2600 MJ)
Rd = 2.6 Ω
vRd ~ V
High voltage
Isolation
T2K beam line: 2.6 T ; 18.6 T/m i = 7345 A
L = 400 mH
E ~ 11 MJ
Rd = 20 mΩ
vRd ~ -150 V
Not so high
Isolation
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

10. T2K MSS : Superconducting bus quench detection
v = r.i r i
100 mV threshold
MSS
100 mV threshold
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Superconducting bus: voltage = 0 V
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV if the current can flow in both directions. Not in T2K case.
Threshold = 100 mV
(But useful in case of cabling error)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

11. T2K MSS : Current lead protection
v = r.i
100 mV threshold i r
MSS
100 mV threshold
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Resistive current lead: voltage ~ 80 mV max
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV if the current can flow in both directions. Not in T2K case.
Threshold = 100 mV
(But useful in case of cabling error)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

12. T2K MSS : Magnet quench detectionr
100 mV threshold
MSS
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
not so simple ! NO
Beam shutdown
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

13. Exceeds the thresholds False detections during current variations
T2K MSS : Coil charging
iPS i r L
vPS v PS
~ vPS – voltage drops
Superconducting : r = 0
v ~ a few volts
Exceeds the thresholds
False detections during current variations
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

14. = 0 if voltages are balanced Does not disturb quench detection
T2K MSS : Balancing i r1 v1 v2 L1 r2 L2
= 0 if superconducting
= 0 if voltages are balanced
Does not disturb quench detection
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

15. T2K MSS : Balanced voltagei r1 v1 v2 L1 r2 L2
Assumption : i > 0
2 thresholds of opposite signs
Quench on L1 side
Quench on L2 side
v > 0
v < 0
threshold > 0
threshold < 0
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

16. T2K MSS : Magnet quench detectionr1 v1 v2 L1
v1 – v2 r2 L2
+100 mV -100 mV thresholds
Heaters activation
Power supply shutdown
Switch opening
Superconducting magnet: v1 - v2 = 0 V
Beam shutdown
+ 100 mV and -100 mV even if the current flows in only one direction.
Threshold 1 = +100 mV Threshold 2 = -100 mV
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

17. T2K MSS : time Level (voltage) time threshold T1 < time threshold
level threshold
Detection no
yes
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

18. 2. Specification, Realization
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

19. T2K MSS : Electrical circuit
28 combined function superconducting magnets (dipole and quadrupole in one magnet)
14 cryostats (2 magnets per cryostat)
Magnets in serial
Focusing and Defocusing magnet
Cold diode magnet protection
Necessity of a MSS (Magnet Safety System)
6 correction magnets (not on this scheme)
Power Supply
Current lead
Superconducting bus
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

20. T2K MSS : MSS functions / specifications
Main functions
Detection
Main magnets quench detection, 100 mV / 10 ms
Bus bars quench detection, mV / 10 ms
Current leads protection, mV / 100 ms
Corrector magnets quench detection, 400 mV / 10 ms
Security actions
Beam shut down,
Power supplies shut down,
Heaters activation.
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

21. T2K MSS : MSS functions / specifications
Complementary function
Data acquisition (analog parameters)
DAQ1
DAQ2
Origin of measurements
Magnet system
Corrector magnets
Number of channels 61 32
Acquisition frequency
10 kHz
Total record length
100 s
Input range
+/- 10 V
High voltage
Withstand voltage : 500 V DC
(Cables, connectors and detection board inputs)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

22. T2K MSS : Synoptic overview of the MSS
Analog signals
Logic signals
MEASUREMENT and DETECTION
SAFETY LOGIC
ACQUISITION
Logic outputs
Logic inputs
Analog inputs
INSTALLATION Magnets, power supplies, heaters, beam, cryogenics
Acquisition PC
Racks PC
Isolation 2000 V max.
Functional Isolation 250 V
MSS
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

23. T2K MSS : Synoptic overview of the MSS
Analog signals
Logic signals
MEASUREMENT and DETECTION
SAFETY LOGIC
ACQUISITION
Logic outputs
Logic inputs
Analog inputs
INSTALLATION Magnets, power supplies, heaters, beam, cryogenics
Acquisition PC
Racks PC
Isolation 2000 V max.
Functional Isolation 250 V
World FIP (Field Bus)
Local
Monitoring PC
MSS
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

24. T2K MSS : MSS Architecture
LIC
AIC
Triggers
Rack 2
Front
SLC2
MDC2
SLC1
MDC1B
MDC1A
Rack 1
PS2
PS1B
PS1A
DAQ1
DAQ2
AC security and distribution
Analog inputs
Magnet System
Logic outputs
Logic inputs
48 V DC
500 V isolation
Fans
Power Supply 100 V / 50 Hz
Acquisition PC
UPS
Local monitoring PC
Ethernet
100 V
WorldFIP (Field bus)
Analog Interface
Acquisition
Power supplies 100 V AC  48 V DC
Logic Interface
Measurement - Detection
Safety Logic
To remote monitoring PC
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

25. T2K MSS : Protection crates
QD01
QD02
QD03
QD04
QD05
QD06
QD07
QD08
QD09
QD10
QD11
QD12
Power supplies 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MDC1A
SFIP
QD13
QD14 BB CL
CQD1_2
CQD3_4
CQD5_6
MDC1B
QD01_02
QD03_04
QD05_06
QD07_08
QD09_10
QD11_12
QD13_14
BBR
CLR
CQD1_2R
CQD3_4R
CQD4_5R
MDC2
48 inputs
Configuration
Treatment
Logic
48 outputs
SLC2
SLC1
Measurement and Detection Crates
Safety Logic Crates
Redundancy
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

26. T2K MSS : Quench detection boards (MD200)
Measurement
Analog inputs
Voltage scaling, filtering and isolation (2000 V)
Analog outputs
For copying to the acquisition system
Detection
Fault detection with :
Level thresholds,
Time thresholds
22 cm
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

27. T2K MSS : Detail of the principle for 2 cryostats
Magnet D
Magnet F
Beam
Current
3 MD200 boards for 2 cryostats
→21 boards for 14 cryostats
Detection
Measurement
: analog outputs
: logical outputs
Cryostat 3
Cryostat 4
= Junction
Board 3
Board 4
Board 3_4 (redundancy) + -
Connection box 3 with protection resistors
3 high voltage cables with 2 shielded pairs each
Connection box 4 with protection resistors
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

28. T2K MSS : Logic boards Treatment board : DX96
Receive and memorize the faults of the installation especially : magnet quenches
Command the main security action
Beam shut down.
DX96 board
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

29. Updated into LS100 for T2K MSS
T2K MSS : Logic boards
Safety logic board : LS100
Receive the faults of the installation
Command the security actions
Power supplies shut down,
Heaters activation.
Send information to the Cryogenics
Quench Detection,
Fast Discharge.
Send information to the Power Supplies
Triggers the Acquisition systems
Determine the status of the MSS (OK or not)
Gather and display important information
Manage the MSS acknowledge
Example : LS96 board
Updated into LS100 for T2K MSS
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

30. T2K MSS : Logic boards overview
EO48 Board
Logic inputs
SO48 Board
Logic outputs
DX96 Board
Treatment and memorization
LS100 Board
Safety logic
(Isolated)
On this scheme, configuration boards and backplanes are not drawn
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

31. T2K MSS : Example of MSS : W7X test facility
Safety Logic
Measurement and Detection
Redundancy
(Example with the previous generation of electronic boards)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

32. 2. Specification, Realization
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

33. T2K MSS : Communication : FIP and SPI
Monitoring PC
Local
Logic signals
MEASUREMENT and DETECTION
Logic outputs
Logic inputs
Analog inputs
WorldFIP Bus
SPI Bus
Detected faults =
SAFETY LOGIC
SFIP Board
Settings
Control
Monitoring
Ethernet
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

34. T2K MSS : Human-Machine Interface (Labview)
Example for a test facility in Saclay
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

35. + Crates Power Supplies (+ 5 V, +/-15 V, etc…)
T2K MSS : Monitoring
Analog monitoring
Logic monitoring
Input voltages
Balanced voltages
Temperatures
+ Crates Power Supplies (+ 5 V, +/-15 V, etc…)
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

36. Analog output offsets and gains
T2K MSS : Settings
Thresholds
Balance
Analog output offsets and gains
For T2K MSS, thresholds and balance settings will not use software settings, but hardware settings with a screwdriver.
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

37. T2K MSS : Control Board functions checking Thresholds Fault simulation
Possible without really triggering security actions
Thresholds
Actions
Without disconnecting the MSS from the installation
Board functions checking
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

38. 2. Specification, Realization
T2K MSS :
1. Principle
2. Specification, Realization
3. Monitoring, Settings, Control
4. Cost, Manpower, Schedule
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC

39. T2K MSS : Cost 204 k€ (hardware) Manpower 8 man-year
+ a lot of work (specification, software, previous realization, tests) already done for other Magnet Safety Systems, by many people in CEA SACLAY – DSM / DAPNIA / SIS
Schedule
2004: First preliminary specification
: Requirements specification / Preliminary definition
2007: Detailed definition / Realization in CEA - Saclay
2008: Shipment / Tests at J-PARC
2009: Commissioning
2007, May 9th
- Jean-Paul Charrier - FJPPL'07 Workshop (KEK) - T2K MSS - Superconducting Magnet Safety System - DAPNIA/SIS/1136/07/JPC