1. Robin Effing and Bert Groot
Social Smart City: Introducing Digital and Social Strategies for Participatory Governance in Smart Cities
Robin Effing and Bert Groot

2. W h a t i s t h e c i t y b u t t h e p e o p l e ?
William Shakespeare
1608
Cities keep growing. More and more people are living in cities. It is expected that urban life will keep on growing for teh next decades.
Still, as shakespeare, but also Jane Jacobs, already wondered, “What is the city but the people?
On the background of ever growing cities and the rising attention and focus on Smart cities we see changing roles when it comes to citizen participation.

3. “By using what digital strategies can cities effectively involve citizens and companies in the policy and development process of the city in order to become a smarter city?”

4. ‘S m a r t C i t i e s’
First we sought in literature for definitions of smart cities

5. ‘S m a r t C i t i e s’
“A city that monitors and integrates conditions of all it’s critical infrastructures” (Hall et al, 2000)
“A smart city can only be smart when the city is capable of addressing real-life challenges and when it is able to bear the fruit of the social capital of the people involved in teh city” (Neirotti et al, 2014)
Early definitions are laregely technology-driven
In later definitions such as the one from Neirotti we see that there is a change of perspective to a more inclusive approach of smart cities. Like the shakespeare quote could have predicted.

6. ‘S m a r t C i t i e s’
Technology driven towards more integral approach.
The involvement of citizens and other non-governemental actors is essential. Smart Citizens play a crucial role in cities by their participation in smart Governance. (Granier et al, 2016)

7. P a r t i c i p a t i o n
L a d d e r s

8. 11 ladders were identified
No consensus on how to define and measure e-participation

9. Social Smart City Framework Government initiatives
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

10. P r e l i m a n a r y s t u d y o f
B e s t p r a c t i c e s

11. Beijing

12. Seoul

13. Berlin

14. Reykjavik

15. Krakow

16. Participation ladders seem to have shortcomings in describing participatory governance
Castells terminology of the networked society is of increasing importance
That seems more complex than the two way relation citizen  Governement

17. Social Smart City Framework Government initiatives
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

18. Social Smart City Framework Government initiatives
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

19. Social Smart City Framework Government initiatives
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

20. Social Smart City Framework
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

21. Social Smart City Framework
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

22. Social Smart City Framework Government initiatives
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

23. Social Smart City Framework
Stage
leadership
E-enabling
E-engaging
E-empowering
Government initiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultation strategy
Crowdsourcing strategy
Citizen initiatives
Digital e-literacy and digital acces strategy
E-petitioning strategy
Change movement strategy
Network initiatives
Open data strategy
Open knowledge strategy
Open innovation strategy

24. C o n c l u s i o n

25. The framework provides a more refined way to look at digital strategies to become smart cities.
The framework gives a broader perspective on participatory governance than a two-way reletaionship between citizen and government
However, further development is needed.

26. D i s c u s s i o n

27. Underpinning of various strategies with emperical data.
Perhaps other best practices could be identified that could enhance the explanatory function of the frameowrk
The complexity of the ownership, leadership and decision makin processes in our future cities will be tremendously high