1. By Dr: Mohamed Afifi Lecturer Radiological Science
The X-ray Production By
Dr: Mohamed Afifi
Lecturer Radiological Science

2. History of Radiology November 11, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Roentgen the first Nobel prize in physics in 1901

3. How They Were Discovered
Röntgen discovered the new ray while working with a cathode tube in his laboratory.

4. The tube was a glass bulb that had positive and negative electrodes inside.
When the air was removed from the tube, and a high voltage was applied it produced florescent glow.

5. To further observe the rays he positioned a screen in front of the tube.
He began placing various objects between the screen and the tube that was emitting the X-rays.

6. He discovered that the rays or “invisible light” passed right through pieces of black paper and thin sheets of aluminum and copper but that the light did not pass through blocks of lead and his bones, and instead these objects casted shadows on the screen.

7. Roentgen’s Wife’s Hand
X-ray of a colleagues hand after presenting the“new ray” to the Physics – Medical Association
1st X-ray?
Roentgen’s Wife’s Hand

8. X-Ray-Tube The main parts of the x-ray tube are Cathode/filament
Anode/target
Glass/metal envelope
Accelerating voltage

9. X-Ray-Tube

10. X-RAY PRODUCTION
X-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated through a potential difference strikes a metal target.
Bremsstrahlung x-rays
Characteristic x-rays

11. BREMSSTRAHLUNG Bremsstrahlung (braking) x-rays are produced
when incident electrons interact with nuclear
electric fields, which slow them down (brake)
and change their direction.

12. Bremsstrahlung Radiation

13. BREMSSTRAHLUNG

14. The majority of x-rays produced in x-ray tubes are via the bremsstrahlung process.
Bremsstrahlung x-ray production increases with the accelerating voltage (kV) and the atomic number (Z) of the anode.

15. BREMS. EMISSION-CONTINUOUS

16. Characteristic radiation
Characteristic radiation is produced when inner-shell electrons of the anode target are ejected by the incident electrons.
To eject a bound atomic electron, the incident electron must have energy greater than the binding energy.

17. CHARACTERISTIC X-RAY

18. The resultant vacancy is filled by an outer-shell electron, and the energy difference is emitted as characteristic radiation (e.g., K-shell x-rays, L-shell x-rays), as shown in Fig.

19. CHARACTERISTIC EMISSION- LESS POLYENERGETIC

20. X-RAY EMISSION SPECTRUM
BREMS
INTENSITY
X-RAY ENERGY

21. X-RAY EMISSION SPECTRUM
L-CHARACTERISTIC
K-CHARACTERISTIC
BREMS
INTENSITY
X-RAY ENERGY