1. Anti-Obesity Effects of Citrus peels in Obesity Rats Fed High Fat Diet
Hyun Ju Hong1, Ju Youn Jin1, Mun Su Ko1, Hee Kyoung Yang1,Won Young Kang1,
Young Hun Choi2, Chang Hoon Han1 and Young Jae Lee1
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju National University, Ara 1-dong, Jeju , Korea,
2National jeju Agricultural Experiment station, R.D.A, Jeju , Korea
ABSTRACT
METHODS
Introduction : Citrus peel has many Flavonoids. Flavonoids have antioxidant activity on the oxidant of human low-density lipoprotein, anti-allegic and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study was carried out to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of Citrus peels in high fat diet-induced obesity rats.
Materials and Methods : To investigate anti-obesity effects of citrus peels, were measured body weight, food intake, fat weight (epididymal, peritoneal), serum lipids profile levels (triglyceride ,LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol ).
Results : HFD+CP 1, HFD+CP 2, HFD+CP 3 groups significantly reduced body weight. Weights of epididymal and peritoneal fat were dramatically increased in HFD group compared with those of ND group but significantly decreased more in HFD+CP1,2,3, groups the those of HFD group. The levels of triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol in blood serum were significantly decreased in HFD +CP1,2,3 groups compared with those of HFD group. The fat liver formation induced by HFD was significantly reduced in rats administrated with citrus peels.
Conclusions : Accordingly, the citrus peels can be considered for obesity therapies controlling. From the above experimental results it seems that citrus peels would improve the serum lipid component and prevent the metabolic disease by improving hyperlipemia.
Experimental Design
Group I : Normal Diet (ND) for 10 weeks (normal control)
Group II : High fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks
Group III : HFD + CP (citrus peel) 1 for 10 weeks
Group IV : HFD + CP 2 for 10 weeks
Group V : HFD + CP 3 for 10 weeks
Group VI : HFD + Sibutramine (10 mg/kg /day, p.o.)
Experimental rat – male SD rats (4 weeks)
Measurements
Body weight, food intake
Organ weights indicies-Fat (peritoneal, epididymal) weights, testis weight
Serum biochemistry-Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Leptin
Lipid peroxidation-malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tissues
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
Proximate Profile
Protein
17.7%
Fat
40.0%
Fiber
5.0%
Ash
4.0%
Moisture
3.3%
Carbohydrate
31.4%
RESULT 1 : Body weight gain, F.I., F.E.R.
RESULT 2 : Weight of testis and fat
RESULT 4 : MDA
Table 2. Effects of samples on peritoneal fat, epididymal fat, Testis weight
Table 1. Effects of samples on increasing body weight, food intake and F.E.R. (food efficiency ratio)
+++
Weight gain (g)
Food intake (g/day)
F.E.R. ND
380.9±11.6
30.7±1.3
0.18±0.01
HFD
483.2±15.8++
18.5±0.7+++
0.36±
HFD+CP1
454.2±15.8+
18.7±0.9+++
0.35±
HFD+CP2
449.8±25.8
19.3±0.7+++
HFD+CP3
441.0±37.5
19.6±1.0+++
0.34±
HFD+Sibutramine
372.5±15.0 **
14.8± ***
0.33±
Peritoneal fat (g/100 g B.W)
Epididymal fat (g/100 g B.W)
Testis (g/100 g B.W) ND
2.38±0.18
1.71±0.06
0.71±
HFD
5.02±
3.36±
0.54±0.03++
HFD+CP1
4.64±
3.32±
0.56±0.03++
HFD+CP2
4.74±
3.24±
HFD+CP3
4.82±
3.23±
0.55±0.02++
HFD+Sibutramine
3.47±0.60 **
2.22±0.17***
0.66±0.03* ** ++
***
***
*** ND
HFD
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib
Figure 2. Effects of samples on MDA. Data are mean ± S.E.M. ++p <0.01, +++p < vs. ND *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < vs. HFD.
Data are mean ± S.E.M. +p < 0.05, +++p < vs. ND.
**p < 0.01,***p < vs. HFD.
Data are mean ± S.E.M. +p < 0.05, +++p < vs. ND.
**p < 0.01,***p < vs. HFD.
RESULT 3 : Lipid profiles
RESULT 5 : Fatty liver Changes
+++ *
* * ND
HFD
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib A ND
HFD
HFD+CP 1
HFD+CP 2
HFD+CP 3
HFD+Sib * + ND
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib B + * ND
HFD
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib
Figure 3. Light microscopy of liver section from ND, HFD, HFD + CP1, HFD + CP2, HFD + CP3 and HFD + Sib groups. Stained by hematoxylin & eosin. Lipid droplets are accumulated in the liver of HFD group than ND group. (Original magnification = 200×) C
RESULT 6 : SBP
CONCLUSION
Citrus peels (CP) is a supressed the increasing ratio body weight, epididymal and peritoneal fat weight, testis weight, serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C,Leptin) and fatty liver change in rats fed high fat diet.
+++ * ** + ND
HFD
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib D
+++ * ND
HFD
HFD+CP1
HFD+CP2
HFD+CP3
HFD+Sib
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Figure 1. Effects of samples on lipid profiles. A: Total cholesterol, B: Triglyceride, C: LDL-C, D: Leptin. Data are mean ± S.E.M. +p <0.05, +++p < vs. ND *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. HFD.
Figure 4. Effects of samples on Systolic blood pressure(SBP). Data are mean ± S.E.M. +p <0.05, +++p < vs. ND *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. HFD.
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