1. Basic knowledge about Linux
2007/05/20

2. Main content Linux Architecture The General Command Vi Text Editor
Input - Output redirection
Others

3. Linux Architecture What is linux How Linux Is Different
Linux Distributions
Linux Components
How Linux Organizes Data

4. What is Linux Linux is an operating system
Properly speaking, the name Linux applies to the Linux kernel
Linux kernel not the entire operating system
Red Hat Enterprise Linux is entire operating system

5. How Linux Is Different Linux is a cross-platform operating system
Linux is free
more important and many Linux applications are distributed in source form

6. Linux Distributions
Linux can be freely redistributed, you can obtain it in a variety of ways.
Distribution
Home page
Debian GNU/Linux
Fedora Core
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
SuSE Linux
Slackware Linux

7. Linux architecture

8. Different level

9. Linux Components

10. The Linux directory tree
Description
/bin
User programs and scripts
/boot
Boot information, including the kernel
/dev
Device files
/etc
configuration files
/home
Users' home directories
/lib
Libraries, modules, and other object files
/opt
Used to store large applications
/var
Dynamic files, such as log files
/proc
kernel information and configuration items

11. How Linux Organizes Data
Devices
Filesystems
Directories and Paths
File Permissions

12. Devices
Linux receives data from, sends data to, and stores data on devices
Device
Description
cdrom
CD-ROM drive
audio
Sound card
mouse
Mouse
ttyn
Virtual console
printer
Printer
null
Pseudodevice that accepts unlimited output and throws it away

13. File systems Filesystem Description ext2
The predecessor of the ext3 filesystem
ext3
The standard Linux filesystem , supported for compatibility
iso9660
The standard filesystem used on CD-ROMs
msdos
used by MS-DOS and Windows.
vfat
A filesystem compatible with Microsoft's FAT32 filesystem, used by Windows 9x

14. Directories and Paths Home and working directories The directory tree
Absolute and relative pathnames

15. Home and working directories
a special directory known as your home directory.
each user has a distinct home directory
/home
The current directory—or current working directory
root user has a special home directory, /root.

16. The directory tree Directories of a Linux system Unlike MS-DOS
root directory, using a forward slash (/)

17. Absolute and relative pathnames
absolute path beginning at the root directory
/home/bill/school
current directory, as its starting point
Bill/school, patrick/school
three special directory names
. cd ./bill/school
.. cd ../patrick/school
~ cd ~

18. File Permissions Each directory and file has user, called owner
Each user belongs to groups
The user and the group can be changed later.
Access permissions, also known as modes
Permission
directory
file r
List the directory
Read contents w
Create or remove files
Write contents x
Access files and subdir
Execute

19. The options of chmod u: user g: group o: other a: all r: read
w: write (and delete)
x: execute (and access directory)
+: add permission
-: take away permission

20. How to change file mode
chmod a+x web.xml
chmod web.xml

21. The General Command about directory about file
about system maintenance

22. Command about dir man ,$ man ls ls mkdir( make directory)
$ls –a
$ls –l
ls –R
ls –la
mkdir( make directory)
rmdir (remove directory)
cd (change directory)
pwd(print working directory)

23. Command about dir rm(remove files or directories) $rm -i $rm –rf
cp(copy files and directories)
mv (move files)
clear (clear screen)

24. Command about file cat (concatenate) $ cat web.xml less $less web.xml
The command cat can be used to display the contents of a file on the screen.
less $less web.xml
The command less writes the contents of a file onto the screen a page at a time
head
first ten lines of a file to the screen
Tail
last ten lines of a file to the screen
Touch
change file timestamps
More

25. Command about file grep wc (word count) Sort--sort lines of text files
searches files for specified words or patterns
Ps –aux|grep resin
wc (word count)
Who|wc –l
Sort--sort lines of text files
Sort web.xml
File
determine file type
$file file /bin/ls
Find--search for files in a directory hierarchy
$ find / -name web.xml

26. Command about file chmod chown tar
Changes the access mode of the specified files
chmod -R mode files
Chmod –R 700 web.xml
chown
Changes the owner of the specified files
chown -R userid files
Chown –R apache.apache httpd.conf
tar
Creates a tar file with the specified name
tar -zcvf tar_file files
tar -zcvf tst.tar.gz tst.c
tar –zxvf tar_file

27. Command about system adduser userid Passwd userid df -h du dir free
Displays the amount of free disk space on each mounted file system
du dir
Displays the amount of disk space used by the current directory
du -sh /root
free
Displays the amount of used and free system memory

28. Command about system hostname name kill process_id ps -aux reboot
Displays (or sets) the name of the host
~]# hostname
~]# support
kill process_id
kill –
ps -aux
reboot
shutdown -h minutes
who
ifconfig

29. Vi Text Editor The Vi editor has powerful features to aid programmers
The Vi editor has two modes: command and insert.
The command mode allows the entry of commands to manipulate text.
The insert mode puts anything typed on the keyboard into the current file.
Vi initially starts in command mode

30. How to open a file in Vi vi filename (opens specified file)
$ vi web.xml
command mode
i, a,o: Enter insert mode
When you want to get out of the editor, switch to command mode (press Esc)

31. How to exit editor ESC: from insert mode Enter command mode
$wq Rtn to save the edited file and quit
$q! Rtn to quit the editor without saving changes
$w filename to save the edited file to new file "filename"
$w Save the file without exiting
ESC: from insert mode Enter command mode

32. Manual about vi

33. Manual about vi

34. Manual about vi

35. Manual about vi

36. Manual about vi

37. Manual about vi

38. Manual about vi

39. Input - Output redirection
> Redirector Symbol
Ls >log
>> Redirector Symbol
Ps –axu >log
< Redirector Symbol
Cat < log
>null
ls >null

40. pipe
A pipe is a way to connect the output of one program to the input of another program without any temporary file.

41. pipe

42. Others How to kill an process How to find a software package
how to start a service
How to install jdk in Linux
how to use scm tool--subversion

43. How to kill an process [root@support conf]# ps axu|grep mysqld
conf]#kil –

44. How to find a software package
conf]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-devel RHEL4.1
mysql RHEL4.1
mysqlclient10-devel RHEL4.1
mod_auth_mysql

45. how to start a service [root@cas ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd (pid ) 正在运行...
~]# /etc/init.d/httpd --help

46. How to install jdk in Linux
#sh j2sdk-1_3_1-linux-i386-rpm.bin
#rpm -ivh jdk i386.rpm
#vi /etc/profile 
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.5.0_02
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME PATH USER

47. how to use svn command line
export:
#svn export wrgs/
checkout:
#svn checkout wrgs/
update:
~]# cd wrgs/
wrgs]# svn update
于修订版 346。
Commit:
doc]# svn commit -m "update wrgs.sql"
正在发送 doc/wrgs.sql
传输文件数据.
提交后的修订版为 347。

48. Next …..
Linux shell script language
Linux programming tool

49. End! Thank you