1. Challenges & Opportunities for Scaling Up Urban Sanitation in Nepal
Scaling Up Urban Sanitation to Achieve Sustainable Sanitation Goals
Challenges & Opportunities for Scaling Up Urban Sanitation in Nepal
Bhushan Tuladhar
Regional Technical Advisor, South Asia
Urban Basic Services Branch
SACOSAN-V SuSanA Side Event
23 October 2013

2. Progress on MDG Target on Sanitation
Between number of people without improved sanitation has increased from 531 to 714 million
Rate of progress is not keeping up with rate of urbanization
Wastewater management is a major issue

3. Urban Sanitation Challenges in Nepal
Nepal is the least urbanized and most rapidly urbanizing country in South Asia
Currently about 20% of population live in Urban areas
Unplanned & haphazard growth
ODF campaign is municipalities is more challenging Sanitation is not a priority area
12 out of 58 (20%) municipalities are ODF
Lack of resources (human & financial) & appropriate management system
Out of sight, out of mind is the prevailing attitude
Waste & wastewater often disposed without treatment
Only 6 landfill sites
A few wastewater treatment systems

4. Trend in Sanitation Coverage in Urban & Rural Nepal
Over the past decade, the rural sanitation coverage has more than doubled, while in urban areas it has not increased much

5. Access to Toilets in Urban Households
Source: CBS, 2012: National Population Census 2011

6. Wastewater Management in Kathmandu
Current situation
Almost all wastewater is disposed directly in the river
Wastewater treatment plants are not performing well
Bagmati Action Plan - endorsed by Government
New ADB loan (USD 137 million)
Challenges
Availability of Resources – land & money
Management system that ensures proper O&M
Cost recovery

7. Wastewater treatment plant at Sundarighat, Lalitpur

8. Wastewater treatment plant at Guhyeshori, Kathmandu

9. Decentralized Wastewater Treatement Systems (DEWATS) in Nepal
1st introduced in Dhulikhel Hospital in 1997
Currently more than 20 plants of different types
Institutions (Hospitals, Schools)
Households (mainly for grey water management)
Community based plant in Thimi, Khokna, Dhulikhel
Some Capacity Building Programmes
1st Constructed Wetland at Dhulikhel Hospital – Operating & Expanded
Septage Treatment Facility at Teku
Not Functioning

10. Case Study– Shreekhandapur, Dhulikhel
Constructed in 2008
Capacity: 200 hhs
Biogas supplied to 5 HH
Cost: Rs. 5.5 million
Modules:
Biogas: 150 m3
Horizontal flow CW
Sludge drying beds

11. Options for Wastewater Management
Traditional on-site systems
Good system, especially for small towns, if it is combined with septage treatment
Reduces the cost of transporting wastewater which can be 70% of total cost of wastewater management
Conventional methods
Large central systems are often expensive, energy intensive and difficult to operate.
May be necessary in some large cities
DEWATS
Fills the technological gap between pit latrines and highly sophiscated central wastewater treatement system
Need to ensure good system for O&M

12. Opportunities for urban sanitation
Many of the future cities are yet to be built
Possibility of developing plans for sustainable sanitation
Sewer systems absent in most towns
Can promote non-sewer options
ODF campaigns have been successfully implemented in some urban areas
Municipal WASH Coordination Committees (M-WASH-CC) as a platform for coordination among stakeholders
Rally in Chitwan Slum
Biogas toilet in Hetauda
Institutional DEWATS at Aamaghar, Godavari

13. 130 tons/day compost plant at Bulta, Dhaka
Investment= 2.5 million euro
operation cost = M €/yr
Compost production = ,000 tons/year
Selling Price of Compost = taka/per or 60 € per/ton
Income from sale of compost= M €/yr
CERs= tons/year
Income from sale of CERs * 13 euro/ton = 0.18 M€
Total income= M €/yr
Carbon credits= 30% of total income
1 ton of organic waste
0.25 ton Compost
0.5 ton of GHG Reduction

14. DEWATS Training organized by CHRDU, ENPHO, BORDA, CDD & UN-Habitat
Capacity Building
DEWATS Training organized by CHRDU, ENPHO, BORDA, CDD & UN-Habitat

15. Raising Awareness & Knowledge
Books & Manuals
Brochures
Movie - Dhalmati
Fact sheets

16. Recommendations
Prioritize urban sanitation starting with ODF Campaigns & “Clean City Programme”
Address the needs of urban poor and informal settlements
Prepare City Sanitation Plans in a participatory manner
Explore combination of centralized & decentralized and sewered & non-sewer options, including fecal sludge management
Piloting
Technical assistance on design
Capacity building
Awareness raising
Utilize waste & wastewater as resource
Strengthen M-WASH-CC

17. Thank You Sunga Wastewater Treatment Plant
Karuti Danda Landfill Site, Dang
Thank You