1. Overview of Energy Saving of Networks
20th CJK UNIOT-WG
TTC
Toshihiko Kurita 1

2. Current scope Review energy saving technologies Describe capabilities
Describe impact analysis of energy saving
Describe candidate functions

3. Why energy saving ?
One of the key objectives of future networks is its contribution to combat climate change.
Energy saving, or electric power saving is an important problem from network perspective.
This document focuses on technologies to reduce total power consumption of network equipments such as routers and switches.

4. Review of energy saving technologies
Device level technology
LSI microfabrication, Optical node, Multi-core CPU, Clock gating, Power-aware virtual memory, Advanced Power Amplifier (PA)
System(Equipment) level technology
Sleep control, ALR/DVS, Circuit switch, Thermal design, Cache server, Filtering, Sorry server, Shaping, Compact base transceiver stations (BTSs), Smart Antenna Technologies
Network level technology
Energy-based routing/traffic engineering, Lightweight protocol, Transmission scheduling, CDN, Job scheduling, Small-cell design, Power-aware network planning

5. Possible capabilities
1) Satisfaction of customer's requests with minimum traffic
1-1) Reduce the volume of traffic to be forwarded
1-2) Peak-shift the traffic as much as possible
2) Improvement of power consumption efficiency of the entire network
2-1) Control device/system operation for traffic dynamics
2-2) Forward the traffic with less power
Power consumption
Base point 1) 2)
W/bps
Network capacity

6. Classification of technologies
Capability
Level
1) Satisfaction of customer's requests
2) Improvement of power efficiency
1-1) Reduce traffic
1-2) Peak-shift
2-1) Dynamic ctl.
2-2) Less power
Device
- Multi-core CPU
- Clock gating
- LSI
- Optical node
- Power aware virtual memory
- Advanced Power Amplifier
System
(Equipment)
- Cache server
- Filtering
- Sorry server
- Shaping
- Sleep control
- ALR/DVS
- Circuit switch
- Thermal design
- Compact BTSs
- Smart Antenna Technologies
Network
- CDN
- Job scheduling
- Routing/TE
- Power-aware network planning (dynamic)
- Light protocol
- Txt. scheduling
- Small-cell design
- Power-aware network planning (static)

7. Candidate functions and framework
Energy Management Function
Energy Control Function
Is a set of various energy saving technologies
Energy Management Function
Monitors Status Information Base and controls Energy Control Function
Status information Base
Is a database which includes a set of status information
Controller
Sub-function
Optimization
Sub-function
Monitoring
Sub-function
Control
Monitor
Data
Energy Control Function
Status Information
Base
[e.g., power consumption,
traffic]
Network level
[e.g., routing path]
System level
[e.g., node sleep]
Device level
[e.g., device clock]

8. Physical mapping examples
Network Management Server
Energy Management Function (Global)
Network Management Server
Energy Management Function ・・ ・・
Network node
Network node ・
Energy Management
Function (Local) ・・ ・・
Energy Management Function
Network node ・
Energy Control
Function
Status
Information
Base
Energy Control
Function
Status
Information
Base
Energy Control
Function
Status
Information
Base
Network level
Network level
Network level
System level
System level
System level
Device level
Device level
Device level
(A) Local loop
(B) Global loop
(C) Combined loop
e.g., to control device clock according to the traffic
e.g., the routing which assigns least power consumption route
e.g., energy-based routing, where global loop aggregates the traffic routes, and local loop puts the node to sleep in case of no traffic

9. Current document status
Is not matured yet, and needs more time to be completed...
But FG-FN will be closed in December.
To be continued in SG13 ?
The treatment of FG-FN documents will be discussed in next SG13 meeting (Jan.2011).