1. Muscle, muscle tissue tendons
Dr. Anna L. Kiss
Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology
Semmelweis University
Budapest
2013.

2. General myology Musculature: actíve component of the movement
Structure: striated muscle (skeletal)
tendons: dense connective tissue
connective tissue sheath: fascia
(epimysium)
Muscle tissues, striated muscle,, contractile proteins, sarcomere

3. Muscle tissue
Smooth muscle
Stiated muscle
Cardiac muscle

4. Smooth muscle phylogenetically the most ancient type
spindle shaped cells
slow, non-synchronized, unvoluntary contraction
actin and myosin are NOT arranged in registers
internal organs wall

5. Smooth muscle
Nucleus: in the middle of the cells

6. Smooth muscle

7. Striated(skeletal) muscle

8. Striated muscle:
a.) skeletal
b.) visceral
c.) cardiac
Structure: muscle fibers: multinucleated giant cells (syncitium: fusion of the embrionic myoblasts)
lenght: > 30cm
diameter: µm

10. Electron Microscopic picture
sarcomere

11. Structural unit of the striated muscle: sarcomera
Muscle fibers
myofilaments: contractile proteins: actin and myosin
regularly arranged
cross striation

12. Contractile proteins
Thin filaments
thick filaments

13. mysosine binding site
mysosine head

14. Triád: a.) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels: T-tubules (transverse)
SR ciszterna
b.) Ca 2+ -ATP-ase
Ca 2+ outflow
Ca 2+ back to the SER

15. For the contraction of the skeletal muscle:
contractile proteins: actin és myosin
Ca2+ (stored in sER)
impulse transfer from the sarcoplasm to sER-re (triáds)
ATP (directly from kreatin phosphatel, 20 mmól/kg)
mitochondria
oxigen (myoglobin + haemoglobin)
aerob (biological oxidation)
anaerob (fermentation)
glikogén

16. Types of the skeletal muscle
„red” muscle
„white” muscle
size
small
large fibers
diameter
contraction
slow
fast
color
dark (red)
light (white)
numorous
few
numorous
few
numorous
few
fat in the cytoplasm
numorous
fewer
glycogen in the cytoplasm
fewer
larger amount
resistancy
bigger
smaller

17. proximal end: origin
belly
tendon
distal end: insertion

18. spindle
biceps
unipennate
bipennate

19. Structure of the tendon
tendon sheath
a.) outer, fibrous layer
b.) inner, synovial layer
mesotendon

20. Muscle
shape: spindle, triangular, quadrangular, flat
venter (belly), caput (head), tendineous intersection, aponeurosis,
unipennatus, bipennatus,

21. Cardiac muscle

22. Cardiac muscle cells (bifurcation; X or Y shaped branching cells)
cross striation: actin and myosin are in register
nucleus is in the middle of the cells
intercalated disc (Eberth’s line – junctions)
lots of capillaries
lipofuscin

23. Intercalated disc (Eberth’s line)
fascia adherens
desmosoma
gap junction (nexus)

24. diad
large amount of mitochondria

25. impulse condacting cells: Purkinje cells