1. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto Introdução à Medicina I
"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: a survey of beliefs and current directions in European Medical Schools"
Turma 7
Orientador: Pedro Pereira Rodrigues
27 de Outubro de 2009

2. Contents Introduction Research Question Aim & Specific Objectives
Methods
Expected Results
References

4. The earliest work in medical AI dates back to the early 1970's;
Historical Context [1]
The earliest work in medical AI dates back to the early 1970's;
Over the next decade, the applications of AI in Medicine continued to grow;
In 1980, a special subgroup of AI on medical applications was created;
Since then, the field of AI in Medicine has spread all over the world and became robust.
[1] SHORTLIFFE EH., AI in medicine comes of age: blossomig or languishing?, accessed on October 2009
Introduction

5. Introduction AI in Medicine [2]
Nowadays, AI applications in Medicine are used to:
Make diagnosis;
Monitor patients;
Create medical databases;
Expand medical knowledge;
Criticise and plan therapies,...
[2] COIERA E.,Guide to Medical Informatics, the Internet and Telemedicine (Chapter 9 - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Introduction); accessed on October 2009

6. Introduction Impacts of AI [3]
The AI field has already produced systems/programs/machines that demonstrate that the application of AI techniques in medical decision is a fruitful methodology (HELP, PUFF, GermWatcher).
A number of the programs already exhibit expert-level behavior on some medical problems.
[3] SHORTLIFFE EH., AI IN MEDICINE COMES OF AGE: BLOSSOMING OR LANGUISHING?, October 2009

7. Research Question
Is Artificial Intelligence relevant and valuable for current and future applications in Medicine?

8. Aim
To survey and analyse the different opinions from researchers across European medical schools about Artificial Intelligence and its current and future applications in Medicine.

9. Specific Objectives
Identify the different applications/areas of impact/medical fields of AI in Medicine;
Study the importance and the impact of AI in medical progress;

10. Infer on the future application of AI in Medicine
Specific Objectives
Verify the contribution of medical researchers in the development of AI in Medicine;
Infer on the future application of AI in Medicine

11. Methods
Study design
Observational and transversal study, using an online survey, answered by researchers of European Medical Schools.
DEDUCTIVE SELECTION

12. Methods Search Deductive search:
Find medical schools in Europe (EU – 27 plus Russia, Norway and Switzerland);
Search for the medical informatic or the statistic department;
Find the department director's contact;
Send the survey.

13. Methods 3

14. Methods 9

15. Methods 7

16. Methods 5

17. Methods 47

18. Methods 37

19. Methods 7

20. Methods 4

21. Methods 5

22. Methods 2

23. Methods 3

24. Methods 13

25. Methods 7

26. Methods 11

27. Methods 57

28. Methods 1

29. Methods 6

30. Methods 27

31. Methods Search Inductive search:
Alternative inductive search (should we do it?):
1. Search for articles of AI in Medicine in: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge;
2. Identify authors who are medical doctors;
3. Search for medical doctors in BioMedExperts who are interested in AI;
4. Send survey to both groups.

32. Methods Send out the survey; Get the answers;
Statistical analysis of the data;
Interpret results;
Write report.
SURVEY ARTICLE

33. Methods Study variables:
Demographic (nationality, age, medical specialization,…)
Experience (experiences related to AI in medicine, opinions, most important areas,...)
Future (the future directions/uses of AI; areas where AI should be more developed,...)

34. Methods
Questions
Which area of action received the best contribution from AI?
Do you consider it's important to associate AI and Medicine? Why/why not?
In the future which should be the medical fields that could be improved in association with AI?

35. Methods Statistical analysis
Descriptive analysis of the study variables with the appropriate frequency measures;
Possible associative analysis between factors with the appropriate associative measures:
E.g.: researcher’s age with his opinion about the future of AI in medicine

36. Expected results
Positive and negative opinions about AI applications in Medicine;
Find medical researchers who have contributed to the progress of AI in medicine;
Contact with researchers’ experiences about AI in medicine;

37. Expected Results
Recognize the importance/application of AI in Medicine;
We expect more references to applications in diagnosis and databases;
We expect references to AI’s future applications in new treatments;
Some surveys won't be sent to the proper departments.

38. References
Web sites
[1] SHORTLIFFE EH., AI in medicine comes of age: blossomig or languishing?, accessed on October 2009
[2] COIERA E.,Guide to Medical Informatics, the Internet and Telemedicine (Chapter 9 - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Introduction); accessed on October 2009
[3] SHORTLIFFE EH., AI IN MEDICINE COMES OF AGE: BLOSSOMING OR LANGUISHING?, October 2009