1. Warm Up 9/6
Planner
2. Draw the Progression of Society.
3. List the 4 Texas Indian cultures.

2. Southeastern and Gulf Cultures
Essential Question:
How did the environment shape the 4 Texas Indian cultures?
What is the significance of each tribe in the Southeastern and Gulf culture?

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4. Southeastern culture:

5. The Caddos The Caddos settled in East Texas along the Coastal Plains.
They were highly advanced farmers and fishers.
**How advanced of a society are they?
Caddo tribes were also considered highly advanced due to organizing themselves into confederacies and having a matrilineal society

6. They built permanent villages and became expert farmers
They built permanent villages and became expert farmers. They practiced crop rotation.
The Caddo built mounds and temples for religious events.
In addition to a religious and political structure the Caddo had healers and craftspeople.

7. Caddo Round House-up to 50 feet tall, second level inside.

8. The Caddos Had an organized government system led by a chief
Greeted Europeans with the word Tejas, which means “friends”.
Smallpox eventually reduced their number; and in 1859 they were forced to move to present-day Oklahoma (i.e. Indian Territory) on a reservation.

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10. The Wichitas They hunted buffalo & farmed.
Known for their tattoos around the eyes known as “raccoon eyes”.
Women held leadership positions and shared work with the men.
They traded with the French but often fought Spanish settlers, who tried to bring them into Spanish missions.

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12. Gulf culture

13. The Coahuiltecans
Nomadic life moving from campsite to campsite in the dry, brushy land of the South Texas.
They hunted smaller animals with bows and arrows and they gathered dried plants and ground them into flour. They also ate bugs and other insects.
Considered very primal.

14. They did not build permanent homes
They did not build permanent homes. They worked hard, but they liked to gather for feasting and dancing.
Shamans, or people believed to have the power to summon spirits and cure the sick, were important to them

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16. The Karankawas
The Karankawas lived along the Southeast Gulf Coast and on islands between Galveston and Corpus Christi Bays.
They used their most prized possession—dugout canoes—for fishing and hunting small animals.
They were taller so they carried bows that were up to 6 feet tall.

17. The Karankawas Karankawa wigwam
They were nomads who lived in temporary houses called wigwams.
Men would pierce pieces of sharpened bone through their lips and chest to show how macho they were.
Karankawa wigwam

18. Why would Gulf culture Indians disappear more quickly than some of the other cultures?

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20. Other examples of SE/Gulf tribes
The Atakapans lived along the coast between Galveston Bay and the Sabine River. Very similar to the Karankawa, though some were farmers.
In the 1820s the Cherokees moved to East Texas from parts of the U.S. and adopted the ways of the “white man” by learning English and taking English/American names.

21. Study these for tomorrow’s quiz:
5 Themes of Geography Notes
Page 73- Map of 4 Regions
Early Texans Notes
Unit 1 Essential Vocabulary