1. P.J. Showell1, E.A. Lynch1, H.D. Carr-Smith1, A.R. Bradwell2
Evaluation of latex-enhanced nephelometric reagents for measuring free immunoglobulin light-chains on the Radim Delta
P.J. Showell1, E.A. Lynch1, H.D. Carr-Smith1, A.R. Bradwell2
1The Binding Site Ltd., PO Box 11712, Birmingham, B29 6AT, UK, 2Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
(Presented at AACC 2004, Los Angeles, USA (Clin Chem 2004, 50, No.6 Supplement C-40, pA81)
Introduction
Assays specific for serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) that are compatible with commonly used laboratory nephelometric and turbidimetric analysers have recently become available. Studies with these assays have shown that serum FLC measurement is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with primary amyloidosis, non-secretory myeloma and light chain myeloma. Here we describe development of serum FLC assays for use on the Radim Delta, a medium-sized, fully automated bench-top nephelometer.
Method
The instrument was programmed to construct a calibration curve from dilutions of a single calibration fluid. The standard curves were validated by assay of control fluids. Samples were initially measured at the standard programmed sample dilution and if out of range the instrument automatically re-measured the sample at appropriate alternative dilutions. All dilutions were made with the instrument’s on-board pipetting system, which was able to make dilutions between neat and 1/2000. The main assay characteristics are summarized in the table below.
Table 1: The assay parameters of The Binding Site FLC assays for use on the Radim Delta.
The assay was tested for possible interference from co-existing substances by adding haemoglobin (3g/L), bilirubin (200mg/L) and triglyceride (Intralipid; 0.5%) to serum samples and comparing to an equivalent sample blank. Comparison was made with The Binding Site FLC assays for the Dade Behring BN™II by measuring serum samples from normal subjects, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple myeloma on both systems and carrying out regression analysis.
Results
Assay imprecision expressed as % coefficient of variation was from 2.0 – 7.7% for within-run and 5.02 – 9.0% for between-run studies (Table 2).
Table 2: Intra- and inter-assay precision at three antigen concentrations for The Binding Site FLC assays on the Radim Delta.
Interference was within ±4% when haemoglobin, bilirubin or chyle were added to serum samples of known free light chain concentrations (Table 3).
Table 3: The interference test results for The Binding Site FLC assays for use on the Radim Delta. The percentage differences between samples diluted with saline and with the potentially interfering substances are shown.
The assays were found to be linear over their measuring ranges for both kappa and lambda assays (Figure 1).
Good agreement was observed when these assays were compared with The Binding Site FLC assays for the Dade-Behring BN™II (Figure 2).
Conclusion
The assays for the Radim Delta provide a rapid and precise method of measuring FLC in serum and show good agreement with existing assays.
Intra- and inter-assay precision were assessed at three antigen levels for both assays. The assay linearity was calculated by assaying serially diluted serum samples over an antigen concentration range of 0.5 – 168mg/L for Kappa free and 6.6 – 170mg/L for Lambda free, and comparing with expected results.
Figure 1: The assay linearity of The Binding Site FLC assays for use on the Radim Delta.
Kappa Free Linearity
y = x R 2 = 20 40 60 80
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120
140
160
180 50
150
200
Calculated results (mg/L)
Lambda Free Linearity
y = x =
Observed results (mg/L)
Lambda Free Comparison
y = 0.918x
r = 0.99
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2000
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3000
Lambda Free BNII (mg/L)
Kappa Free Comparison
y = x
r = 0.986
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Kappa Free BNII (mg/L)
Kappa Free Radim Delta (mg/L)
Lambda Free Radim Delta (mg/L)
Figure 2: Comparison of results for The Binding Site FLC assays on the Radim Delta with existing Binding Site FLC assays for use on the Dade-Behring BN™II.
Trademarks: BN™II is a registered trademark of Dade Behring GmbH, Marburg, GmbH