1. Asphalt Pavements and Materials
Chapter 6 Soils
Asphalt Pavements and Materials

2. Petroleum Asphalts Asphalt Cement contains 3 types of hydrocarbons:
Asphaltenes - large, hard, black material
Resins - surrounds asphaltenes helping ductility
Oils - suspends resins allowing asphalt to flow

3. Asphalt Cement
Asphalt cements are produced by distillation of crude oil. Asphalt material is graded by its viscosity at different temperatures.Common to this area are AC-10 and AC-20.

4. Asphalt Paving Products:
Asphalt Cements - AC-10,AC-20, ect. used to produce asphalt pavement
Liquid Asphalts - cutback with a solvent then sprayed on material; solvent evaporates leaving behind stiff surface

5. Asphalt Paving Products, cont.
Asphalt Emulsions - asphalt cement mixed with soap and water, then sprayed on material. Water evaporates leaving a stiff surface. Environmental friendly compared to Liquid Asphalts.

6. Petroleum Asphalts Quality Control Tests for Asphalt:
Viscosity - ASTM D2171,D2170,E102
Penetration Values - ASTM D5
Ductility - ASTM D113
Thin-Film Oven Test - ASTM D1754
Solubility - ASTM D2042
Flashpoint - ASTM D92

7. Superpave Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)
SHRP started in 1987 to improve highways
SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council cooperating with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

8. SHRP Areas of Study Highway operations Concrete and structures Asphalt
Long-term pavement performance

9. Standards
The standards developed by SHRP are called Superpave standards, for SUperior PERforming asphalt PAVEments. SHRP changed the name asphalt cement to an asphalt binder because of the modifiers mixed with the asphalt. The grade of asphalt binder is tied to the average high and low temperatures of the region.

10. Superpave Example
Example: PG is for areas with an average maximum temperature of 58℃ and a average low of -28℃.

11. Tests for Superpave New tests for Superpave:
Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFO)-measures short term aging
Pressure Aging Vessel Test (PAV)- measures long term aging
Rotational Viscometer Test -measures viscosity at high temperatures

12. Tests for Superpave, cont.
New tests for Superpave:
Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test - test elastic and viscous properties at different temperatures
Bending Beam Rheometer Test - resistance to cracking at cold temperatures

13. Asphalt Mix Design Produce aggregates to meet specifications
Run trial batches at different oil contents
Trial batch tested for compliance to specs
Repeat if necessary

14. Marshall Mix Design Marshall Method:
1200 grams of mix is placed into 4” mold
Hammer is dropped 50 times
Turn over and hammer 50 times
Repeat for at least 3 pucks

15. Marshall Method Test Marshall Method: Test pucks for:
Flow and Stability
Density
Air Voids

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