1. The Inner Planets
Mercury,
Venus,
earth &
Mars

2. The Earth is divided into several layers which
have distinct chemical and seismic properties
(depths in km):
0- 40 Crust \
Upper mantle
Transition region
Lower mantle
D'' layer
Outer core
Inner core
Earth
Earth is the only planet whose English name
does not derive from Greek/Roman mythology.
The name derives from Old English and Germanic
The crust varies considerably in thickness,
it is thinner under the oceans, thicker under the
continents.
Most of the mass of the Earth is in the mantle,
most of the rest in the core;
the part we inhabit is a tiny fraction of the whole
(values below x10^24 kilograms):
atmosphere =
oceans =
crust = 0.026
mantle = 4.043
outer core = 1.835
inner core =
The inner core and crust are solid;
the outer core and mantle layers are plastic
or semi-fluid.

3. Venus Venus (Greek: Aphrodite; Babylonian: Ishtar)
is the goddess of love and beauty.
The planet is so named probably because it is
the brightest of the planets known to the ancients.
(With a few exceptions,
the surface features on Venus
are named for female figures.)
Venus' rotation is somewhat unusual in that it is
both very slow
(243 Earth days per Venus day,
slightly longer than Venus' year)
and retrograde. In addition, the periods of Venus'
rotation and of its orbit are synchronized such that it always
presents the same face toward Earth when the two planets
are at their closest approach.
Venus is sometimes regarded as Earth's sister planet. In some ways they
are very similar:
Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth (95% of Earth's diameter,
80% of Earth's mass).
Both have few craters indicating relatively young surfaces.
Their densities and chemical compositions are similar.

4. The second is the MESSENGER spacecraft,
which mapped another
30% during its flyby of January 14, 2008.
MESSENGER will make one more pass by Mercury
in 2009,
followed by orbital insertion in 2011, and will then survey
and map the entire planet.
Mercury
Mercury is similar in appearance to the Moon:
it is heavily cratered, has no
natural satellites and no substantial atmosphere. However,
unlike the moon, it has a large iron core, which
generates a magnetic field
about 1% as strong as that of the Earth
Recorded observations of Mercury date back to at least the first millennium BC. Before the 4th century BC, Greek astronomers believed the planet to be two separate objects: one visible only at sunrise, which they called Apollo; the other visible only at sunset, which they called Hermes
Mercury’s crust is believed to be 100–300 km thick.[19] One distinctive feature of Mercury’s
surface is the presence of numerous narrow ridges, some extending over severa
l hundred kilometers.
Mercury's core has a higher iron content than that of any other major planet in
the Solar System, and several theories have been proposed to explain this.

5. Mars (pronounced /mɑrz/) is the fourth planet
from the Sun in the Solar System.
The planet is named after Mars, the Roman god of war.
It is also referred to as the "Red Planet" because of its
reddish appearance.
Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere,
having surface features reminiscent both of the
impact craters
of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts and
\polar ice caps of Earth.
Mars is currently host to three functional orbiting
spacecraft:
Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
This is more than any planet in the Solar System except Earth.
The surface is also home to the two Mars Exploration Rovers
(Spirit and Opportunity), the lander Phoenix, and several
inert landers and rovers that either failed or completed missions.
Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.
These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Martian Trojan asteroid.
Mars can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. Its apparent magnitude reaches
−2.9,
a brightness surpassed only by Venus, the Moon,
and the Sun, though most of the time Jupiter will appear brighter
to the naked eye than Mars.

6. This image compares the larger moons and smaller planets of the solar system.
Note that both Ganymede
(moon of Jupiter) and Titan (moon of Saturn) are larger than the planet Mercury.
Our Moon is closest in size to Io.

7. PLANET
MOONS
MOON NAMES
Mercury
Venus
Earth 1
Moon
Mars 2
Phobos, Deimos
Jupiter 62
Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Amalthea, Himalia, Elara, Pasiphae, Sinope, Lysithea, Carme
, Ananke, Leda, Metis, Adrastea, Thebe, Callirrhoe, Themisto, Kalyke, Iocaste, Erinome, Harpalyke
, Isonoe, Praxidike, Megaclite, Taygete, Chaldene, Autonoe, Thyone, Hermippe, Eurydome, Sponde,
Pasithee, Euanthe, Kale, Orthosie, Euporie, Aitne, plus others yet to receive names
Saturn 33
Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, Mimas, Hyperion,
Prometheus, Pandora, Phoebe, Janus, Epimetheus, Helene, Telesto, Calypso, Atlas,
Pan, Ymir, Paaliaq, Siarnaq, Tarvos, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Thrym, Skadi, Mundilfari, Erriapo, Albiorix,
Suttung, plus others yet to receive names
Uranus 27
Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Belinda, Puck, Miranda,
Ariel,
Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Caliban, Sycorax, Prospero, Setebos, Stephano, Trinculo,
plus others yet to receive names
Neptune 13
Triton, Nereid, Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, plus others yet to receive names
Pluto
Charon
TOTAL
139

8. End of world predictions