INTEGRATION WITH Adams/INSIGHT

INTEGRATION WITH Adams/INSIGHT
WORKSHOP 6 INTEGRATION WITH Adams/INSIGHT

WORKSHOP 11 – INTEGRATION WITH Adams/INSIGHT
Problem Statement Use Adams/Insight to create an experiment that examines the relationship between the front and rear pad radius (factors) and the braking performance of the vehicle (responses).

WORKSHOP 11 – INTEGRATION WITH Adams/INSIGHT (CONT.)
Model Description You will use the truck_trailer database full-vehicle model that you created in the previous exercise. You will run through an example tutorial before analyzing the truck_trailer model. The front suspension of the truck_trailer vehicle uses an SLA front suspension with rack and pinion steering. The rear suspension of the truck_trailer vehicle uses a solid axle with leaf springs. The model includes a simple-type trailer with optional rear suspension #2. The brake optional subsystem is a complex type modeled after the achassis_gs brake subsystem.

Using an example tutorial You first run through an example Adams/Insight with Adams/Chassis exercise to understand the process. Then you use Adams/Insight to further investigate the braking performance of the truck and trailer model you used in the previous workshop.

Using an example tutorial In this tutorial, you design an experiment for a front suspension that you import. You simulate a front suspension to determine the effect of front spring rate, front stabilizer bar diameter, and front lower ball joint location on understeer gradient. The following table describes the model modifications used.

Setting up the investigation In this section, you set up the investigation and launch Adams/Insight. To set up the investigation: From the toolbar, click the Test mode. In the top section of the treeview, expand Full Vehicle, Handling, right-click Swept Steer to select Add Event to New Fingerprint Using Model, and then select achassis_gs_full_sys.xml as the model. achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt appears in the fingerprint, and the property editor displays the swept steer event attributes. Enter or verify the following attributes: Vehicle Velocity: Final lateral acceleration: 0.4 Turn direction: Left Alignment Options: Do not specify any auto-alignment

To set up the investigation (Cont.): Click Improve mode In the top section of the treeview, double-click achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt. achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt moves to the Investigation Events folder in the bottom section of the treeview. From the Setup Investigation tab in the property editor, click Create New Investigation. Leave all remaining defaults. Click GO. Adams/Insight opens with your experiment loaded.

Adams/Insight interface This section describes what you see when Adams/Insight first opens. The figure below shows the main window as it appears when you first launch Adams/Insight. It includes the following items: Menu bar - Contains pull-down menus for File, Edit, Define, Data, Tools, and Help. Main toolbar - Contains commonly used tools for accessing files. Design Assistant toolbar - Contains commonly used tools for creating and modifying designed experiments. Treeview - Displays a hierarchical list of objects that you can include in an experiment. The tree is especially useful for selecting and identifying objects when you are creating a design matrix. Viewport - The area of the window that displays parameters for modifying the objects you select from the treeview. Status bar - Displays messages and issues prompts during your Adams/ Insight session.

Menu Bar Main Toolbar Design Assistant toolbar Tree View View Port

Adams/Insight toolbars The Adams/Insight main window displays two toolbars. The Main toolbar lets you execute basic commands, and the Design Assistant toolbar helps you build and execute your experiment. If you hold your mouse pointer over any tool, tip text appears giving a short description of the tool. Tools in toolbars are arranged in the order that you’ll use them in the process of creating and executing your designed experiment. Depending on where you are in the process of creating an experiment, Adams/Insight enables or disables the tools. This feature alerts you to the correct order of procedures to follow. For example, the Run simulations tool is disabled until you define required elements for a design matrix.

Adams/Insight toolbars (Cont.) Create new Experiment Open existing Experiment Save to file Delete Current Selection Optimize Export to Web, SLK and So On Fit Results Run Simulation Generate Work Space Set Design Specification Untie Factors Tie Factors Demote to Candidate Promote to Inclusion Add Response Add factor

Creating a design matrix In this section, you’ll create a design matrix to measure the performance of the front spring rate. This section includes: Promoting factors Promoting responses Setting design specifications The first step required to creating your designed experiment is to select the factors that you want to include in your design matrix. You select factors from the Candidates list in the treeview, and then promote them to the Inclusions list. Promoting candidates to inclusions causes them to become part of your design matrix.

To promote factors from candidates to inclusions: In the treeview, click the + in front of Factors. Factors expands to reveal Inclusions and Candidates. Continue by expanding Candidates > properties > front > achassis_gs_front_suspension > front_suspension > achassis_gs_front_suspension > coil_spring > left > achassis_gs_front_suspension_PA2_lsf Select the candidate front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_coil_spring_left_achassis_gs_front_suspension_PA2_lsf_rate. This is the front coil spring rate. Move your cursor to the Design Assistant toolbar and select the Promote to inclusion tool The front coil spring rate candidate moves to the Inclusion list under Factors in the treeview. Tip: To select more than one factor, hold the Ctrl key as you click. To promote the factors directly from the treeview, press the shortcut key F5.

To promote factors from candidates to inclusions (Cont.): The Factor form appears in the viewport as shown next.

To promote factors from candidates to inclusions (Cont.): In the Factor form, select Relative Percent as the Delta Type. Then, enter -20,20 in the Settings text box. This sets the spring rate to vary from 80% to 120% of its nominal value. Set Abbreviation to spr_rate. Click Apply. Expand Candidates > properties > front > achassis_gs_front_suspension > front_suspension > achassis_gs_front_suspension > stabilizer_bar > achassis_gs_front_suspension_beamx_sta > front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_stabilizer_bar_achassis_gs_front_suspension_beamx_sta_diameter Leave the Settings at their default values to modify the stabilizer bar diameter ± 4 mm.

To promote factors from candidates to inclusions (Cont.): Promote the candidate. To vary the front lower ball joint position, expand Candidates > properties > front > achassis_gs_front_suspension > front_suspension > achassis_gs_front_suspension > lower_ball_joint > left > front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_lower_ball_joint_l eft_x Hold down the Ctrl key and select front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_lower_ball_joint_l eft_x and front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_lower_ball_joint_l eft_y. Promote these factors.

Promoting responses The next step in defining the design matrix is to select response variables. To promote responses: In the treeview, select the + in front of Responses. The levels nested under Responses expand to reveal Inclusions and Candidates. Tip: You can select the minus (-) sign in front of Factors to collapse that section of the treeview and save screen space. Under Candidates, you’ll see a list of responses that are potential candidates you can include in your design matrix. Expand e_001_achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt, and then select e_001_achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt_Roll_grad (for roll gradient) to display the Response form shown next.

To promote responses (Cont.):

To promote responses (Cont.): In the treeview, hold down the Ctrl key and select e_001_achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt_Roll_grad and e_001_achassis_gs_full_sys_swpt_Understeer_grad (for understeer gradient), and promote both candidates. The responses move from the Candidates to the Inclusion list.

Setting design specifications You use the Design Specification form to specify the design objective and design type for the experiment. To specify the design objective: In the Design assistant toolbar, click the Set design specification tool , or in the treeview, expand the levels under Design, and then select Specification. The Design Specification form appears in the viewport as shown on the next page. In the Design Specification form, make the following selections: Investigation Strategy: DOE Response Surface Model: Quadratic Design Type: CCF Use defaults for all remaining options.

To specify the design objective (Cont.):

To specify the design objective (Cont.): Select Apply. In the Design Assistant toolbar, click the Generate Work Space tool , and verify the design matrix. The Work Space appears in the viewport as shown on page . This table displays the design matrix for the experiment that you defined earlier in the tutorial. The factors and responses that you selected appear as column headings; the runs (called trials) appear as row headings. Adams/Chassis will run a simulation for each trial defined in this matrix. In the treeview, at the Design level, the letters D:W appear to indicate that the Design contains a successfully generated design work space.

Note: Columns appear in the design matrix in the order that you promote factors for inclusion. Tip: Place your mouse pointer over column headings to display key information about the abbreviation shown.

Running your experiment Once you’ve verified the information in the Work Space, you’re ready to run the simulations in Adams/Chassis. This section includes: Saving the experiment Using Adams/Chassis to build and run models Before returning to Adams/Chassis you need to save the experiment and close Adams/Insight. To save the experiment: Do one of the following: Click Save from the File menu Press shortcut key Ctrl+S Click the Save to file button Exit Adams/Insight.

Using Adams/Chassis to build and run models You use Adams/Chassis to generate an MSC.Adams model (acf and adm files) that corresponds to each row in your design matrix. In this experiment, you create 28 models that correspond to the design matrix rows. Of the 28 runs, 25 are unique and the last three are duplicates of the first run. To execute the models: In Adams/Chassis, in the property editor, click the Execute Investigation tab. Select the following: Build Trials Run Trials Postprocess Trials Load Responses

To execute the models (Cont.): Use defaults for all other options. Click GO. The command window shows Adams/Chassis building and running the 28 runs. Once execution completes, Adams/Insight opens.

Reviewing results After Adams/Chassis completes the trials defined in your design matrix, you return to Adams/Insight interface to view the results. To view your simulation results: In the treeview, under Design, select Work Space. Simulation results from Adams/Chassis appear in the design matrix shown on the next page.

Fitting Results Now that Adams/Chassis has completed the trials defined in your design matrix, you can use Adams/Insight to fit your results to a polynomial or a response surface. The purpose of fitting your results is to establish a relationship between the factors and responses that you selected for the design matrix. Fitting results includes a multiple regression. You will be able to investigate the parts of the regression in the Summary, located in the treeview under Analysis, after completing the following steps. For more information on this topic, refer to the Adams/Insight online help. Note: The material in the following sections includes statistical terms related to DOEs. For explanations of these terms, refer to the Adams/Insight online help.

To fit your results: From the Design Assistant toolbar, click the Fit results tool You can also select the Tools menu, and then click Fit New Model. The Model Properties Summary window appears. Here, you can enter information on your model. In the Regression column, select the response, e_001_achassis_gs_full_sys_Understeer_grad.

To fit your results (Cont.): In the Display column, select the type of results you want to view. The following shows an example of the Fit table.

To correct the fit: Here is a suggested list of steps that you can use to view and improve the fit: Check R2 and interpret the ANOVA table. Verify residuals Remove outliers, if any Remove terms, if necessary Transform response, if necessary Change model order, if needed As you attempt these suggestions, go back to through the following steps: Promoting factors Promoting responses Setting design specifications Running your experiment Reviewing the results Fitting results

Publishing Results Adams/Insight lets you save your files as either HTML or SYLK files. Once saved, you can use either a browser or spreadsheet program, such as Excel, to modify factors and see the effect on responses without performing full simulations. To publish your results: In the treeview, under Analysis, select Model_01, go to the Design Assistant toolbar, and then select the Export to Web, slk, etc. tool . You can also select the Tools menu, point to Export, and then click HTML Format. The Save dialog box appears and prompts you to save your results as xxx.htm, where xxx is the name of your file. Enter a name for your file and specify the path where you would like it to reside, and then click Save. Adams/Insight saves your file in the directory that you specified.

To publish your results (Cont.): Continue with the next section, Modifying values using a Web browser, to learn how to view and use the results in the HTML file. Modifying values using a Web browser Using the HTML page that you saved (see steps above), you can modify the input factor values of your experiment and see the changes instantly reflected in the column that lists estimated responses. To learn more about making modifications to your experiment using an HTML or SYLK page, refer to the online help. To modify your factors in an HTML page: In a Web browser, open the HTML page you created for your experiment. Make sure the browser you use is enabled to read JavaScript.

To modify your factors in an HTML page (Cont.): The results of your experiment appear as shown next.

To modify your factors in an HTML page: Change the value for the factor front_suspension_achassis_gs_front_suspension_stabilizer_bar_achassis_gs_front_suspension_beamx_sta_diameter from 36 to 39, and then select Update. If you use the plus or minus buttons to modify values, the responses change dynamically. The estimated responses adjust to reflect the new factor values. Notice that the value for both responses variables reflect a change. You can continue to vary the factor values and investigate how changes to them affect your responses. To learn more about analyzing the results of your experiment and publishing your results to HTML or SYLK pages, refer to the Adams/Insight online help.

Additional information on the Web page In addition to the basic factor and response information that appears when you first open the HTML file in your Web browser, you can view response statistics and response effects as a function of each factor. To view this information, use the check boxes below the list of factors. The check boxes are: Contributions - This check box appears if you specified a non-zero tolerance for any factor. When present and selected, this check box displays the Tolerance Contributions table that provides the percent contribution of each factor to the tolerance of each response. Stats - Displays R2, R2 adjusted, P, and R/V statistics for each response. Effects - For each response, displays effects caused by varying each factor from its minimum to maximum value. Nonscalar – Displays composite responses in addition to the scalar responses.

Additional information on the Web page (Cont.) Plots- Opens a new window that displays a plot for each response. Info - This button displays a separate window that provides summary information about the DOE parameters for the current page. It also provides Web environment information that is valuable if you need to contact MSC.Adams technical support. For more information on the controls and information provided by the HTML page, refer to the Adams/Insight online help.

Analyzing the truck_trailer model You are now finished with the introductory tutorial. Here you use Adams/Insight to analyze the truck_trailer model. To set up the experiment: Create a new session. Copy truck_trailer.vdb to your working directory using Database Utilities. From the truck_trailer.vdb, load the model truck_trailer_full_sys.xml. Replace the default simple brake subsystem with achassis_gs_brakes.xml. You can find this file in the achassis_gs database. Edit the achassis_gs_brakes.xml brake subsystem file for the truck_trailer_full_sys model. In the Construction Options tab, double-click front_pad_location_method. Change front_pad_location_method to radius and use 90mm for the left and right value.

To set up the experiment: Change rear_pad_location_method the same way. Click Save As, select truck_trailer for the registered database, and then enter truck_trailer_brakes_90mm.xml. Click Yes to update references. Select the modified model in the treeview, click Save As, and then enter truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm.xml. From the toolbar, click the Test mode. In the top section of the treeview, expand Full Vehicle, Braking Analysis, right-click Open Loop braking to select Add Event to New Fingerprint Using Model, and then select truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm as the model.

To set up the experiment: In Test mode, select Open Loop Braking and use the following parameters: Vehicle Velocity: Kph Brake Pedal Force: N Step Initial Time: 1.0 sec Step Final Time: 1.5 sec Goto to Improve mode. Double-click the truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm_OLbrake event to add it to the investigation. In the Setup Investigation tab, click Create New Investigation. Name the new investigation truck_trailer_study. Change the Investigation Directory to mod11. Click GO to transfer the new experiment to Adams/Insight. Note any warning messages and dismiss.

To promote factors: Expand Candidates > properties > brakes > truck_trailer_brakes_90mm > brakes > truck_trailer_brakes_90mm > front_pad_location_method > radius > f_pad_radius > left > Select brakes_achassis_gs_brakes_front_pad_location_method_radius_f_pad_radius_left_value This controls the pad radius for the front brakes. Change the range to vary between 90 and 130. Use the Settings text box. Click Apply and Promote to inclusion.

To promote factors (Cont.): Expand Candidates > properties > brakes > truck_trailer_brakes_90mm > brakes > truck_trailer_brakes_90mm > rear_pad_location_method > radius > r_pad_radius > left Select brakes_achassis_gs_brakes_rear_pad_location_method_radius_r_pad_radius_left_value This controls the pad radius for the rear brakes. Change the range to vary between 90 and 130. Click Apply and Promote to inclusion.

Creating Responses Adams/Chassis uses the metrics generated in a report type of postprocessing to generate the candidate responses for an experiment. By default, the Open Loop Braking event does not contain a report feature. This is why you received a warning message when transferring to Adams/Insight. Therefore, you must create custom responses. To create responses: From the Define menu, click Response. (Or you can use the Response tool.) Enter e_001_truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm_OLbrake_1_braking_distance for the name. Remember, it is case sensitive and truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm_OLbrake needs to match the event name in your Adams/Chassis session. Change Response Type to Composite.

To create responses (Cont.): Change Units to 'm'. For Description, enter braking distance. Because the plot of braking distance starts from zero and goes negative, you will look at the minimum value of the plot. Following the form plts:<type>:req_<id>:<col_number>, the variable will be plts:min:req_5163:1 Click Apply to retain the changes on the included response.

To create responses (Cont.): How was the request ID and column number determined? Save the experiment, and then exit Adams/Insight to return to Adams/Chassis. Go to Test Mode and Build and Run truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm_Olbrake event In Review mode, create the plots for 90mm open-loop braking event. Toggle the dashboard visibility. Highlight the curve for the Vehicle Distance vs. Time plot either by using the treeview or clicking on the curve in the plot. Click the Math tab in the dashboard. This shows the exact expression that Adams/PostProcessor used to create the curve. The Y values are using the X component of REQUEST_5163. The X component corresponds to col_number=1, Y component col_number=2, and so on. Also Determine the request ID and column for the longitudinal acceleration.

To create a new response: Close Adams/PostProcessor, and return to Improve mode. Select Edit Existing Investigation, and verify that the Investigation Name is truck_trailer_study. Click GO. Create a new response with the following parameters: Name: e_001_truck_trailer_full_sys_90mm_OLbrake_1_long_accel Response Type: Composite Abbreviation: r_02 Units: g Description: Longitudinal Acceleration Variables: You want to look at the final value of the acceleration versus time plot. The type will be final_value. the variable will be plts:final_value:req_5165:1

To set a design specification: Select the Set Design Specification tool. Set the design specification with the following settings: Investigation Strategy: DOE Response Surface Model: Quadratic Design Type: CCF (The guide, Using Adams/Insight, has more information on the CCF design type.) Click Apply. To generate the work space: Select the Generate Workspace tool. You should see ten trials in your experiment. Save the experiment, and then exit Adams/Insight. Return to the Improve mode.

To generate the work space (Cont.): Select the Execute Investigation tab and verify that Build Trials, Run Trials, and Postprocess Trials are selected. Click GO. This builds all of the models for each run, simulates each model, and starts Adams/Insight to view the experiment results. The simulation may take a few minutes. To publish the results: Publish the results from Adams/Insight to HTML format. Open the results in a Web browser such as Netscape or Internet Explorer. Use the results to answer the workshop review questions.

Section Review What factor has the greater effect on braking distance and acceleration? _________________________________________________ Tip: Turn on Effects to see the sensitivities. Assuming the front pad radius will be 120 mm, what rear pad radius will result in the target braking acceleration of G’s with 100 N of pedal force? _________________________________________________ Answer for Question 1: Front pad radius Answer for Question 2: About 94mm

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