1. The Campaign Process Pages 509-544
Chapter 14
The Campaign Process
Pages

2. Test A B C D
Response 15

3. One of the dangers of the nomination campaign is
Candidates can become too extreme
That many candidates ignore their ideological base
Candidates peak too early, hurting their momentum in other primaries
All of the above 15

4. Nomination Campaign Seek their party’s nomination
Gaining support within the party and electorate
Candidates risk moving too far right or left to win party’s nomination

5. General Election Campaign
Which issues to emphasize (platform)
Personal conviction
Party platform
Expertise
Public opinion polls
Appeal to moderates
50% of electorate don’t know how they will vote the summer before election

6. Which of the following is most likely to vote in a general election?
A 25-year-old high school dropout
A 65-year-old professor
A 19-year-old college student
A 16-year-old high school student
A 30-year-old college graduate

7. Differences between campaigns
Primary
General Election
Candidates appeal to party members
Voters more likely to vote based on partisanship
Lower turnout
Candidates appeal to voters
Voters will vote for the candidates
Greater turnout

8. Typically, president candidates implement campaign strategies by
Apply their resources evenly through states
Focus on larger, more competitive states
Focus on small states
Focusing on the popular vote of the United States
Ignoring the Electoral College because most states are moving away from winner-take-all
:01

9. General Election Campaign
Electoral College impact on campaigns
Candidates tend to focus on competitive, populous states.
Winner-take-all
Presidential election, winner of the state takes all of that state’s electoral votes
Forces candidates to focus on more populated, competitive states
Closely contested contests can exaggerate the margin of victory
Popular vote is irrelevant!

10. The process known as front-loading refers to
Presidential candidates raising funds far in advance of the first presidential primary
Presidential candidate seeking endorsements before official declaring candidacy
Tendency of states to choose an early date on the primary calendar
Political action committees (PACs) contributing money to candidates at least one year before the first presidential primary or caucus
The winner-take-all principle of the electoral college
:01

11. Media Campaign
Getting a candidate’s message to as many potential voters as possible
Agenda setting
Media helps set the agenda of a campaign/election by deciding which issues are important enough to cover
Paid media
Free Media
Public opinion and tracking polls
“horse-race” journalism
Bandwagons, losing ground, front-runner, likely loser

12. Participant Leaders Points Participant 400 Dedic, Ema Deleon, Ianq
Emery, Jonah
Gregor, John
300
Burgess, Tiffani
Crooker, Danlee
Fowler, Brett
Lozen, Julianna
Lunsford, Adam
Mills, Samantha

13. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question?0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

14. Money regulated by the Federal Election Commission is known as
Soft money
Hard money
Political money
Fiscal policy
Monetary policy
:01

15. Campaign Financing Financing
Quality of a campaign organization often boils down to campaign funds
Regulating Campaign Financing
Goal: prevent any single group from gaining too much influence over elected officials

16. Government Efforts to Regulate Campaign Funding
Federal Election Campaign Act
Passed by Congress in 1971 to increase disclosure of contributions for federal campaigns
Created the Federal Election Commission (FEC)
6 members appointed by the president
Enforces limits on campaign contributions
Dispersing public funds for presidential campaigns

17. An officially recognized, federally mandated fundraising committee for an interest group is called a(n)
Official campaign committee
Political action committee
Interest group campaign committee
Political interest group 15

18. Under the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002, soft money contributions
Increased
Are banned
Decreased
Are not addressed 15

19. In a given election cycle, a Political Action Committee may contribute to a candidate no more than
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000

20. Gov. Efforts to Regulate Campaign Funding
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)
McCain and Feingold
Banned soft money donations
Soft Money: unregulated contributions to political parties for party building
Hard Money: Regulated contributions that advocate directly for the election of/against a particular candidate
Set limitations on money given by individuals, PACs, and party committees to candidates or political parties
Limits individual contributions to $2,000
$5000 PAC contribution
Challenged and upheld in McConnell v. FEC

21. 527s
Loophole in the BCRA
527s: unregulated under state or federal campaign finance laws because they do not “expressly advocate” for the election or defeat of a candidate or party.
Instead focus on issue advocacy

22. Most Recent Supreme Court ruling
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
Most recent Supreme Court ruling regarding campaign finance
Citizens United published movie Hilary in an attempt to derail her 2008 campaign
Independent campaign contributions by corporations and unions ARE protected by 1st Amendment freedom of speech
Money can’t go directly to candidates

23. Political Action Committees give primarily to which of the following?
Incumbents
Challengers
Party contenders
Republicans
Democrats 15

24. Which of the following is true of political action committees (PACs)?
The make campaign contributions in hopes of gaining access to legislators
They are part of political party organizations
They are allowed to contribute to only one candidate in any election
They nominate candidates for president at the national party conventions
They operate at the state level but not at the national level 15

25. Political Action Committees
Organization that pools campaign contributions from interest group members and donates those funds to candidates for political office.
Regulated by the BCRA and FEC
Incumbents benefit the most from PAC money
Make contributions in hopes of gaining access to legislators
Candidates get money for campaigns, interest groups get access to legislators if elected

26. Participant Leaders
Points
Participant

27. What percentage of your current points would you like to wager on the next question?0%
25%
50%
75%
100%

28. FECA was challenged in which Supreme Court case?
Buckley v. Valeo
Kelo v. City of New London
Baker v. Carr
South Dakota v. Dole
Clinton v. City of New York 15

29. Other Contribution Sources
Member-to-member
Personal contributions
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Challenge to the Federal Election Campaign Act by U.S. Senator James Buckley
limits on spending are unconstitutional; limits on fundraising are appropriate.
Public funds

30. Public Funds
What are federal matching funds and how does a campaign qualify for them?
Candidates qualify if they raise at least $5000 ($250 max/person) in 20 different states
Once they qualify, they will get a share of the FEC’s money for that year.
Can refuse, allowing candidates to spend more than the allotted amount.
Presidential elections ONLY