1. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Muscle physiology

2. Characteristics Muscles only shorten Work as antagonists
Convert chemical into mechanical energy

3. Types Striated Non-straited skeletal cardiac smooth skeletal, cardiac

4. Muscle types Differences in muscle types
Innervation - somatic or autonomic
Refractory periods - long and short
Control - ANS or SNS

5. Skeletal muscle
% body mass
Structural layers

6. Muscle cell (fiber) Sarcolemma Sarcoplasm Myofibrils glycogen
myoglobin
Myofibrils
sacromeres

7. Sarcoplasm Sarcoplasmic reticulum (Stores and release Ca++)
T tubule (AP conduction)
Triad (SR + T tubule)

8. Myofibril

9. Muscle contraction

10. Myosin protein
Head and tail
Head binds to actin

11. Actin protein Tropomyosin Troponin affinities
attached to binding sites
Troponin affinities
Ca++
tropomyosin
actin

12. Excitation contraction coupling

13. Sliding filament theory
Cross bridge attachment
Power stroke
Cross bridge detachment