1. How to Use This Presentation
To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects
select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.”
To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar.
From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource.
From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation.
You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.

2. Resources Chapter Presentation Bellringers Image Bank
Standards Assessment
Math Focus
Visual Concepts

3. Chapter 14 Table of Contents Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Forces in Fluids
Table of Contents
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density

4. Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Bellringer
Because water has a higher density than air, a column of water weighs more than a column of air of the same height. The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3 (at 0oC and 1 atm of pressure). The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. Calculate the masses of the following (mass equals density times volume):
1 m3 of air
1 m3 of water
100 m3 of air
100 m3 of water
Write your answers in your Science Journal.

5. Chapter 14 What You Will Learn
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
What You Will Learn
Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a given area.
Fluid pressure increases as depth increases.
Density is mass per unit volume. Because water is denser than air, water exerts more pressure than air does.
Fluids flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

6. Chapter 14 Fluids and Pressure
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Fluids and Pressure
A fluid is a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other.
A fluid is any material that can flow and that takes the shape of its container. Liquids and gases are fluids.

7. Fluids and Pressure, continued
Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Fluids and Pressure, continued
Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a given area.
Moving particles of matter create pressure by colliding with one another and with the walls of their container.
Fluids exert pressure evenly in all directions.

8. Fluids and Pressure, continued
Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Fluids and Pressure, continued
Any force, such as the weight of an object, acting on an area creates pressure.
The SI unit for pressure is the pascal.
One pascal (1 Pa) is the force of one newton exerted over an area of one square meter (1 N/m2).

9. Chapter 14 Atmospheric Pressure
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
The atmosphere is the layer of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that surrounds Earth.
The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere is called atmospheric pressure.

10. Atmospheric Pressure, continued
Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure, continued
The atmosphere extends about 150 km above Earth’s surface. Atmospheric pressure changes as you travel through the atmosphere.
At the top of the atmosphere, pressure is almost nonexistent because there are fewer gas particles and they rarely collide.

11. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Atmospheric Pressure

12. Chapter 14 Water Pressure
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Water Pressure
Water is a fluid. So, like the atmosphere, water exerts pressure.
Water pressure increases as the depth of the water increases.
Water pressure depends on depth, not on the total amount of fluid present.

13. Water Pressure, continued
Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Water Pressure, continued
A person swimming 3 m below the surface of a small pond feels the same pressure as a person swimming 3 m below the surface of a large lake.
Because water is about 1,000 times denser than air, water exerts more pressure than air does.

14. Pressure Differences and Fluid Flow
Chapter 14
Section 1 Fluids and Pressure
Pressure Differences and Fluid Flow
Fluids flow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
Differences in air pressure help explain the way your body breathes and the way tornadoes create damaging winds.

15. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids

16. Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Bellringer
Predict whether the following objects will float or sink in water:
an apple
an orange
a penny
a wooden pencil
a nail
List three other objects that will float in water.
Write your answers in your Science Journal.

17. Chapter 14 What You Will Learn
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
What You Will Learn
All fluids exert an upward force on objects in the fluid.
The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
An object will float or sink depending on the relationship between the object’s weight, buoyant force, and overall density.
Density can be calculated from measurements of mass and volume. The overall density of an object can be changed by changing the object’s shape, mass, or volume.

18. Buoyant Force and Fluid Pressure
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Buoyant Force and Fluid Pressure
All fluids exert an upward force called buoyant force.
Buoyant force is the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a liquid.
Buoyant force is caused by differences in fluid pressure.

19. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Buoyant Force

20. Buoyant Force and Fluid Pressure, continued
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Buoyant Force and Fluid Pressure, continued
A Greek mathematician named Archimedes discovered how to find buoyant force.
Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces.

21. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids

22. Weight Versus Buoyant Force
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Weight Versus Buoyant Force
An object in a fluid will sink if the object’s weight is greater than the buoyant force (the weight of the fluid that the object displaces).
An object floats only when the buoyant force on the object is equal to the object’s weight.

23. Buoyant Force on Floating Objects
Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Buoyant Force on Floating Objects

24. Chapter 14 Density and Floating Density is mass per unit volume.
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Density and Floating
Density is mass per unit volume.
Any object that is denser than the surrounding fluid will sink.
An object that is less dense than the surrounding fluid will float.

25. Chapter 14 Determining Density
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Determining Density
To determine the density of an object, you need to know the object’s mass and volume.
A balance can be used to find the mass of an object.
To find the volume of a regular solid, such as a cube, multiply the lengths of the three sides together.

26. Determining Density, continued
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Determining Density, continued
To find the volume of an irregular solid, use water displacement.
By measuring the volume of water that the object displaces, or pushes aside, you find the volume of the object itself.

27. Changing Overall Density
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Changing Overall Density
The overall density of an object can be changed by changing the object’s shape, mass, or volume.
Submarines use ballast tanks to change their overall density and dive under water.
As water is added to the tanks, the submarine’s mass increases, but its volume stays the same.

28. Changing Overall Density, continued
Chapter 14
Section 2 Buoyancy and Density
Changing Overall Density, continued
Most bony fishes have an organ called a swim bladder that allows them to adjust their overall density.
An inflated swim bladder increases the fish’s volume, which decreases the fish’s overall density so the fish does not sink.

29. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids

30. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
depth
density
water pressure
pressure
atmospheric pressure
fluids
water

31. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Concept Map

32. Chapter 14
Forces in Fluids
Concept Map

33. Chapter 14 End of Chapter 14 Show
Forces in Fluids
End of Chapter 14 Show

34. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
1. Chooses the appropriate form of the word displace for the following sentence: “When the volume of an object is not easily calculated, you can find the object’s volume by using _____.”
A. displace
B. displacing
C. displacement
D. displaced

35. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
1. Chooses the appropriate form of the word displace for the following sentence: “When the volume of an object is not easily calculated, you can find the object’s volume by using _____.”
A. displace
B. displacing
C. displacement
D. displaced

36. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
2. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word predict?
A. apply
B. explain
C. say ahead of time
D. identity

37. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
2. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word predict?
A. apply
B. explain
C. say ahead of time
D. identity

38. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
3. In the sentence “The weight of the displaced water is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object,” what does the word displaced mean?
A. assigned to
B. moved aside
C. changed
D. adapted to

39. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
3. In the sentence “The weight of the displaced water is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object,” what does the word displaced mean?
A. assigned to
B. moved aside
C. changed
D. adapted to

40. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
4. Which of the following words means “the amount of space that an object contains or takes up”?
A. width
B. length
C. force
D. volume

41. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
4. Which of the following words means “the amount of space that an object contains or takes up”?
A. width
B. length
C. force
D. volume

42. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
5. Which procedure allows you to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?
A. Divide the density of the object by the mass of the object.
B. Calculate the water pressure around the object.
C. Measure the amount of water displaced by the object.
D. Multiply the width, length, and height of the object.

43. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
5. Which procedure allows you to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object?
A. Divide the density of the object by the mass of the object.
B. Calculate the water pressure around the object.
C. Measure the amount of water displaced by the object.
D. Multiply the width, length, and height of the object.

44. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
6. Which of the following is the correct way to find the density of an object?
A. Divide the mass of the object by the volume of the object.
B. Multiply the mass of the object by the volume of the object.
C. Measure the buoyant force that is acting on the object.
D. Measure the weight of the water displaced by the object.

45. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
6. Which of the following is the correct way to find the density of an object?
A. Divide the mass of the object by the volume of the object.
B. Multiply the mass of the object by the volume of the object.
C. Measure the buoyant force that is acting on the object.
D. Measure the weight of the water displaced by the object.

46. Chapter 14 Use the table below to answer the next question.
Standards Assessment
Use the table below to answer the next question.

47. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
7. The table above shows mass and volume measurements for four objects. Which of these objects will float in water, given that the density of liquid water is 1 g/cm3?
A. Object 1
B. Object 2
C. Object 3
D. Object 4

48. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
7. The table above shows mass and volume measurements for four objects. Which of these objects will float in water, given that the density of liquid water is 1 g/cm3?
A. Object 1
B. Object 2
C. Object 3
D. Object 4

49. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
8. A submarine can travel on the surface of water and underwater. How does a submarine dive underwater?
A. Water is added to special tanks in the submarine to increase its mass and therefore its overall density.
B. Air is released from special tanks in the submarine to increase its volume.
C. Special mechanisms change the submarine’s shape and allow it to dive.
D. The density of the submarine increases and the water pressure decreases when it dives.

50. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
8. A submarine can travel on the surface of water and underwater. How does a submarine dive underwater?
A. Water is added to special tanks in the submarine to increase its mass and therefore its overall density.
B. Air is released from special tanks in the submarine to increase its volume.
C. Special mechanisms change the submarine’s shape and allow it to dive.
D. The density of the submarine increases and the water pressure decreases when it dives.

51. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
9. You push a ball under water in a swimming pool. When you let go of the ball, it pops back to the surface. Which of the following is the force that is responsible for this phenomenon?
A. water pressure
B. buoyant force
C. gravity
D. density

52. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
9. You push a ball under water in a swimming pool. When you let go of the ball, it pops back to the surface. Which of the following is the force that is responsible for this phenomenon?
A. water pressure
B. buoyant force
C. gravity
D. density

53. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
10. A toy submarine that has a mass of 1,200 g displaces 1,000 mL of water. What is the density of the toy submarine?
A g/cm3
B. 1.2 g/cm3
C. 200 g/cm3
D. 2,200 g/cm3

54. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
10. A toy submarine that has a mass of 1,200 g displaces 1,000 mL of water. What is the density of the toy submarine?
A g/cm3
B. 1.2 g/cm3
C. 200 g/cm3
D. 2,200 g/cm3

55. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
11. A rock weighs 30 N. It displaces a volume of water that weighs 5 N. What is the buoyant force on the object?
A. 5 N
B. 6 N
C. 30 N
D. 35 N

56. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
11. A rock weighs 30 N. It displaces a volume of water that weighs 5 N. What is the buoyant force on the object?
A. 5 N
B. 6 N
C. 30 N
D. 35 N

57. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
12. Which structure in a eukaryotic cell liberates energy for the work that the cell does?
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. centrosome
D. mitochondrion

58. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
12. Which structure in a eukaryotic cell liberates energy for the work that the cell does?
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. centrosome
D. mitochondrion

59. Chapter 14 Use the diagram below to answer the next question.
Standards Assessment
Use the diagram below to answer the next question.

60. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
13. Which class of elements are in the shaded region of the periodic table diagram above?
A. metals
B. metalloids
C. noble gases
D. halogens

61. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
13. Which class of elements are in the shaded region of the periodic table diagram above?
A. metals
B. metalloids
C. noble gases
D. halogens

62. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
14. Which of the following best describes the behavior of atoms in a solid?
A. widely separated
B. loosely connected
C. locked in position
D. slide past each other

63. Chapter 14
Standards Assessment
14. Which of the following best describes the behavior of atoms in a solid?
A. widely separated
B. loosely connected
C. locked in position
D. slide past each other

64. Chapter 14

65. Chapter 14