3. Inflammation: is a response of living tissues to a harmful insult or agents. Its purpose is to localize, eliminate the injurious agent, remove damaged tissue and replace it with healthy new tissue (repair).
It consist principally of vascular changes associated with leukocyte infiltration and systemic reaction.
•Terms ending in the suffix “–itis” denote inflammation

4. But it not always Can be considered
Appendix appendicitis
Larynx laryngitis
Bronchi bronchitis
Gastric mucosa gastritis
Hair follicle folliculitis
But it not always Can be considered

5. Lung tissue pneumonia
Breast mastitis
Joint arthritis

6. It consist principally of:
1-vascular changes :
2-leukocyte infiltration and:
3-systemic reaction.

7. Causes of inflammation
Infection: Bacterial ,Viral,Parasitic and microbial toxins
Immunological: hypersensetivity reactions and autoimmune diseases
Physical agents: trauma, radiation, burn
Chemical agents: strong acids and alkalines, toxines
Foreign bodies: splinters, sutures and dirts

8. Types Acute inflammation (sec, mins, hrs):
Chronic inflammation (days, weeks, months, years)

9. Acute inflammation An inflammatory response that :
Lasts only for short period.
Characterized by the exudation of fluid and plasma protiens
Emigration of leukocytes predominantly neutrophiles.

10. The five Cardinal Signs of Acute Inflammation
Heat (CALOR)
Redness (RUBOR)
Swelling (TUMOR)
Pain (dolor)
Loss of function (FUNCTIO LAESA)

11. The pathogenesis of acute inflammation
First there is vascular dilitation and increase blood flow, This is due to vasodilators released locally.
Second increase vascular permiability and decrease blood flow: this lead to the escape of exudates into the extravascular tissue. This is due to release ofhistamin, leukotrines, kinines and complement products.
These above two changes are vascular changes

12. Third: The cellular response has the following stages:
Emigration, rolling, pavementing, & adhesion of leukocytes to the wall of the vessels
B. Transmigration of leukocytes
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagocytosis followed by killing and degradation

13. The inflammatory exudate containing leukocytes and plasma proteins
these proteins have a great important role:
Immunoglobulines (Ig, Ab): react with antigenes (Ag), covering them (opsonization) and making them ready for engulfment by neutrophiles and macrophages (phagocytosis).
Blood clotting proteins: composed of fibrine meshwork prevents spread of injerious agents.

14. Leukocyte cells
They have phagocytic activity which are neutrophiles, macrophages, dentritic cells. Neutrophils is the phagocytic cell included in acute inflammation.
And producing inflammatory mediators

15. Transudate
Exudate (serous)
1. Transparent liquid 2. Origin - congestion 3. Up to 3% protein 4. Isolated mesothelial cells, accidental single leukocytes and erythrocytes
1. turbid liquid
2. Origin – inflammatory
3. 3-5% protein
4. A small amount of leukocytes desquamated epithelium, mesothelium

18. Inflammatory Mediators

20. Morphological types of acute inflam. 1- serous type

21. 2- fibrinous type

22. 3- supurative inflammation

23. 4- acute catarrhal type

24. 5- acute hemorrhagic

25. 6- pseudomembranous type
Pseudomembranous colitis
Diphtheria

26. Out come of acute inflammation