1. Romanticism
An artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe. ( ) #2
Values: imagination, intuition, emotions, and individualized expression.
Emphasized mystery of nature and the unknown. #3
Sympathetic treatment of the common man/everyday language. #4
Themes: remembered childhood, unrequited love and exiled heroes.
Gothic Novel: A form of novel in which magic, mystery, and chivalry are the chief characteristics. #5
Horrors abound!
Go over Quote: Have students infer what the characteristics of romanticism are.
Ideologies influenced by French Revolution: It elevated achievements of misunderstood heroic individuals that altered society.( Heathcliff)
3) Nature: vehicle of self-consciousness, (identity) source of sensations, imagination, expressive language. (Wild landscapes = passion & self identity)
4) Strict societal hierarchy: Lords, aristocracy, (large estates, political dominance & wealth), gentry class( non-titled nobility landowners, local leadership) and gentleman farmers. (WH Plot)
Note: Unrequited= not returned
5) Gothic novel includes: extreme landscapes, like rugged mountains, thick forests and extreme weather. (Wuthering Heights)
omens and ancestral curses
supernatural manifestations, horrifying events or the threat of such happenings.
morality, violence, and emphasis on the evil side of mankind.

2. Emily Bronte (1818-1848) The Moors: England
Born July 30, 1818 in Thorton, England.
Father Patrick Bronte, Mother Maria Bramwell. #1
(1820)- The family moved to Haworth, England.
(1821) Mother died of cancer ( 3 yrs old)
Bronte family= 6 children. #2
- Maria & Elizabeth: died of illness (7 yrs old)
- Charlotte: wrote Jane Eyre (Currer Bell)
- Bramwell: Intellectual, succumbed to alcohol
and opium.
- Emily: middle child, genius. (Ellis Bell)
- Anne: Wrote Agnes Grey (Acton Bell)
At an early age, Emily Bronte loved freedom & wildness of land. #3 (Example)
Moors: Extensive area of land covered by heather/shrubs. (Pic)
Brothers/Sisters: rely on themselves/imagination by reading & inventing stories. (Example) #4
1) Patrick Bronte was a Reverend. Loved poetry, published several books of prose& verse, and wrote to local newspapers. (Family surrounded by books)
2) Bronte sisters used (pseudonyms)-fictitious name to write under. Women could not write or publish writing until much later.
3) Their house opened up directly onto the church yard. Emily Bronte had a reclusive nature & would spend most of her time in the moors: (accessibility/nature)
4) Father bought Bramwell 12 wooden soldier: Children created imaginative stories, poems, plays and magical world for “The Twelve's”. Recorded stories in tiny booklets. (less than 2 in. square)
The Moors: England

3. Emily Bronte Cont.. (1846) Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell
(1847) Jane Eyre was an immediate success. (Charlotte/ fits time period) #1
(1847) Wuthering heights (Emily Bronte)
- Novel was too full of passion &
vengeance for Victorian audiences.
- Its brutality and realism shocked
its readers! #2
(1848) Bramwell died from alcohol, opium, and TB. #3
(1848) At her brothers funeral Emily caught a cold and died of consumption.
Her death was seen as a release of the soul = oneness of the universe.
Emily's life was “short, intense, & almost in total seclusion”.
orphan who is mistreated, goes away to school, & falls in love w/her employer and marries him. Contains gothic elements!
More traditional than in sense of Romanticism than WH: Immediate success!
2) Bronte portrayed society from individual pov & portrayed primitive and spiritual side of human spirit. Feelings that were unduly= excessively concealed during this time period. (depicted the hidden truths of society)=not popular/criticism
3) TB: an infectious disease that may affect almost any tissue of the body, esp. the lungs. (consumption)

4. Wuthering Heights
This novel traces the doomed romance of Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff. (Main Characters) Their love is far from ordinary: It encompasses violent, thwarted passion which not only destroys them but others around them.
“ Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down.
I wish I could hold you, she continued bitterly, till we were both dead! I shouldn’t care what you suffered. I care nothing for your sufferings. Why shouldn’t you suffer? I do! Will you forget me? Will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence. That’s the grave of Catherine Earnshaw. I loved her long ago, and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I’ve loved many other since: my children are dearer to me than she was; and at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her; I shall be sorry that I must leave them! Will you say so Heathcliff?
Don’t torture me till I am as mad as yourself,” cried he, wrenching his head free, and grinding his teeth”.
1)Thwarted, unsuccessful, frustrating
2)Not an ordinary romance (Romeo &Juliet) yet it is a story about soul mates. Gothic Romance that consists of passion, violence, torture, restless spirits, and death.

5. Wuthering Heights Cont..
Heathcliff’s revenge is the main theme of the story.
Conflict is not between right and wrong (Victorian value), but between like and unlike.
The characters have extreme intense emotions. They do not love each other because they find the other's personality pleasant but because they feel an affinity that comes from expressions of the same spiritual principle. (Soul mate Archetype) #1
Bronte believes in the immortality of the soul. Human conflict does not end with death. (Idea that love transcends death!)
Location: Yorkshire, Northern England, 1801.
Mr. Lockwood –narratior, tenant at Thrushcross Grange.
Ellen (Nelly) Dean- housekeeper who tells Lockwood the story of Heathcliff and Catherine.
The plot encompasses the previous 25 years.
- Non-chronological- jumps between 1801
w/lockwood & Nelly’s story. (25 yr history/
flashbacks)
1) Soul Mate Archetype-
Yorkshire, England
( Northern England )

6. Wuthering Heights Cont..
Family home of the Earnshaws since 1500.
- Symbol of storm.
- Stormy, wild weather
- Wild
- Unrestrained
- Passionate
- Dark
- Sits alone on the moors
(Solitary Seclusion)
VS:
Thrushcross Grange:
The Linton family home, four miles away
from Wuthering Heights.
- Symbol of calm.
- Peaceful
- Civilized
- Reasonable
- Lies in the valley w/tranquility
Wuthering Heights:
The Earnshaws
- Hindley (older brother)
- Cathy (younger sister)
- Heathcliff (“Adopted” gypsy child)
- Nelly Dean (maid)
- Joseph (servant)
Thrushcross Grange:
The Linton's – Bold.
- Edgar (older brother)
- Isabella (younger sister)

7. Wuthering Heights Cont..
Character Introductions:
Mr. Lockwood becomes a tenant of the Thrushcross Grange in He is renting from Mr. Heathcliff. Nelly dean will be his maid.
In 1801, Heathcliff is living in Wuthering heights with Hareton Earnshaw (ward),
Catherine Heathcliff (daughter-in-law), Joseph (servant), and Zillah (maid).
Mr. Lockwood hears about the family history through Nelly Dean’s story. She begins in 1769 when Mr. Earnshaw brought Heathcliff to his house.
Characters are the result of their essential nature and environment.
We must recognize the destructive consequences of passionate love & hatred.
Symbolism/imagery is found through nature and the supernatural.
Two different types of love: the fiery union of kindred souls and the milder conventional love. Bronte favors passionate and undying love, but proves how it can be a self-destructive emotion.
Major struggle is between the stormy and the calm elements of the universe. A balance is achieved only when these two sides of nature can be subdued and combined.

8. Themes Themes in Wuthering Heights: - Heredity & the Environment.
- Nature & Civilization.
- Eternal Principles of Life:
Love, Death and Immortality.
- The More Powerful Force:
Good vs. Evil.
- Primitive Passion in Mankind.
- Universal Oneness of the Soul.

9. Out on the wiley, windy moors We’d roll and fall in green
You had a temper like my jealousy
Too hot, too greedy
How could you leave me
When I needed to possess you
I hated you, I loved you too
Bad dreams in the night
You told me I was going to lose the fight
Leave behind my Wuthering, Wuthering Heights
Heathcliff, it’s me, your Cathy, I’ve come home . I'm so cold
Let me in your window (repeat)
Ooh, it gets dark! It gets lonely,
On the other side from you
I pine a lot. I find the lot
Falls through without you
I’m coming back, love
Cruel Heathcliff, my one dream
My only master
Too long I roamed in the night
I’m coming back to his side, to put it right
I’m coming home to Wuthering, Wuthering
Wuthering Heights
Ooh! Let me have it
Let me grab your soul away
You know it's me-Cathy!
Heathcliff, it’s me, your Cathy, I've come home. I'm so cold
Let me in-a-your window (repeat)

10. Wuthering Heights