1. Advanced Rhetorical Devices
Identification vs. Purpose vs. Effect

2. Review Vocabulary Parallel Structure – Anaphora – Chiasmus –
Antithesis –

3. Review Vocabulary
Parallel Structure – using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
Anaphora – Repetition of a word or words at the start of a sentence or phrase
Chiasmus – Reversal in syntax to make the second half have different meaning
Antithesis –Two opposing ideas placed together to achieve a contrasting effect

4. Review Vocabulary
Hyperbole –
Allusion –
Synecdoche -

5. Review Vocabulary
Hyperbole - Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally
Allusion - a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance
Synecdoche - a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

6. New Vocabulary

7. New Vocabulary
Extended Metaphor
Polysyndeton
Periphrasis

8. Extended Metaphor
“It never takes longer than a few minutes, when they get together, for everyone to revert to the state of nature, like a party marooned by a shipwreck. That’s what a family is. Also the storm at sea, the ship, and the unknown shore. And the hats and the whiskey stills that you make out of bamboo and coconuts. And the fire that you light to keep away the beasts.” (Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policeman’s Union)

9. Polysyndeton

10. Periphrasis

11. Extended Metaphor A detailed comparison spanning several lines
Also referred to as an epic simile or a Homeric metaphor

12. Extended Metaphor Example:
“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts.” (Shakespeare’s As You Like It)

13. Extended Metaphor Example:
“Bobby Holloway says my imagination is a three-hundred-ring circus. Currently I was in ring two hundred and ninety-nine, with elephants dancing and clowns cart wheeling and tigers leaping through rings of fire. The time had come to step back, leave the main tent, go buy some popcorn and a Coke, bliss out, cool down.” (Dean Koontz, Seize the Night)

14. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

15. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
To draw a comparison between two seemingly unrelated things
To show the idea in a new light

16. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
To draw a comparison between two seemingly unrelated things
To show the idea in a new light
Attention is drawn to the section
Information is understood with a different perspective

17. Polysyndeton
The use of several coordinating conjunctions in rapid succession

18. Polysyndeton Examples:
In addition to the three standard weapons—the M-60, M-16, and M-79—they carried whatever presented itself, or whatever seemed appropriate as a means of killing or staying alive. They carried catch-as-catch-can. At various times, in various situations, they carried M-14s and CAR-15s and Swedish Ks and grease guns and captured AK-47s and Chi-Coms and RPGs and Simonov carbines and black market Uzis and .38-caliber Smith & Wesson handguns and 66 mm LAWs and shotguns and silencers and blackjacks and bayonets and C-4 plastic explosives.
--from The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien

19. Polysyndeton Examples:
“Let the whitefolks have their money and power and segregation and sarcasm and big houses and schools and lawns like carpets, and books, and mostly–mostly–let them have their whiteness.”
--Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

20. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

21. Purpose vs. Effect Speeds up or slows down rhythm Adds emphasis
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Speeds up or slows down rhythm
Adds emphasis
Adds weight or insignificance to a list

22. Purpose vs. Effect Speeds up or slows down rhythm Adds emphasis
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Speeds up or slows down rhythm
Adds emphasis
Adds weight or insignificance to a list
Rhythm and emphasis draw attention to a section
Manipulates mood

23. Periphrasis
The use of excessive or longer words to convey a meaning which could have been conveyed with a shorter expression or fewer words
A “roundabout” way of talking about something
Also called “circumlocution”

24. Periphrasis Eschew obfuscation: espouse elucidation Example:
-Popular joke among nerdy English teachers

25. Periphrasis
Example:
Instead of simply saying “I am displeased with your behavior”, one can say, “the manner in which you have conducted yourself in my presence of late has caused me to feel uncomfortable and has resulted in my feeling disgruntled and disappointed with you.”

26. Periphrasis
Example:
So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round: And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
--S.T. Coleridge, “Kubla Khan”

27. Purpose vs. Effect
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader

28. Purpose vs. Effect Helps create character and voice
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Helps create character and voice
To say a phrase more gently or politically correct
To hide or reduce the impact of information while still being truthful

29. Purpose vs. Effect Helps create character and voice
Author’s
Purpose
Effect on the
Reader
Helps create character and voice
To say a phrase more gently or politically correct
To hide or reduce the impact of information while still being truthful
Reader learns a lot about a character or voice
It is a persuasive technique
Readers either miss the significance of the information or place less importance on it